Metacognitions and emotional schemas: a new cognitive perspective for the distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression

A Comparison of Emotional Schemas in Patients with Bipolar Disorders and Major Depressive Disorder in Remission and Nonclinical Population

“…This finding is contrary to the results of Betmaz. Betmaz and colleagues reported that guilt, duration, blame, validation, and acceptance schemas in depressed patients can distinguish them from patients with bipolar disorder (Batmaz et al, 2014). The larger sample size in betmaz study and cultural differences between the samples of this studies may explain the difference in results.…”

“…Thus these patients evaluate emotional states differently. Furthermore in other dimensions like comprehensibility, consensus, and expression were not found any difference between the mood disordered patients and the healthy group (Batmaz et al, 2014).…”

“…In addition, Betmaz and associates showed that blame schema in mood disorders was higher than HC (Batmaz et al, 2014). According to this schema, a person with this schema always blames others for his or her emotions.…”

“…Considering cognitive theories, we can find many similarities among different types of mood disorders (Alloy, Abramson, Walshaw, & Neeren, 2006;Jones et al, 2005). Generally these similarities include increased rumination, implicit pessimistic attributional style, low self-esteem, and dysfunctional attitudes towards the self (Batmaz, Kaymak, Kocbiyik, & Turkcapar, 2014). Among these cognitive factors, one of the less of the less discussed among these cognitive factors is schema.…”

“…The participants of the Batmaz et al (2014) study were patients with active and symptomatic mood disorders, therefore their schema measures might be influenced by patients' affective states. In fact, because the schemes are durable and have sustainable pattern, they will not change in remission phase of mood disorders (Young, 1994).…”