Cellular stress response, redox status, and vitagenes in glaucoma: a systemic oxidant disorder linked to Alzheimer’s disease

Salinaro, Angela Trovato; Cornelius, Carolin; Koverech, Guido; Koverech, Aleardo; Scuto, Maria; Lodato, Francesca; Fronte, Vincenzo; Muccilli, Vera; Reibaldi, Michele; Longo, Antonio; Uva, Maurizio G.; Calabrese, Vittorio

doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00129

Cited by 55 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…The products of the aforementioned vitagenes are believed to be involved in the detection and creation of a protective response to diverse forms of stress and cell injuries. The molecular mechanisms of the vitagene network operation in various stress conditions have been recently reviewed [110,164], and the biochemical and physiological consequences of the upregulation of the vitagene network in cells and the organism as whole is an important direction of current research [12,165,166]. In accordance with the above reports, cellular stress response could be modified by vitagene activation leading to additional synthesis of various protective antioxidant molecules helping effective stress adaptation.…”

Section: Sirtuinsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Antioxidant Defence Systems and Oxidative Stress in Poultry Biology: An Update

et al. 2019

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Poultry in commercial settings are exposed to a range of stressors. A growing body of information clearly indicates that excess ROS/RNS production and oxidative stress are major detrimental consequences of the most common commercial stressors in poultry production. During evolution, antioxidant defence systems were developed in poultry to survive in an oxygenated atmosphere. They include a complex network of internally synthesised (e.g., antioxidant enzymes, (glutathione) GSH, (coenzyme Q) CoQ) and externally supplied (vitamin E, carotenoids, etc.) antioxidants. In fact, all antioxidants in the body work cooperatively as a team to maintain optimal redox balance in the cell/body. This balance is a key element in providing the necessary conditions for cell signalling, a vital process for regulation of the expression of various genes, stress adaptation and homeostasis maintenance in the body. Since ROS/RNS are considered to be important signalling molecules, their concentration is strictly regulated by the antioxidant defence network in conjunction with various transcription factors and vitagenes. In fact, activation of vitagenes via such transcription factors as Nrf2 leads to an additional synthesis of an array of protective molecules which can deal with increased ROS/RNS production. Therefore, it is a challenging task to develop a system of optimal antioxidant supplementation to help growing/productive birds maintain effective antioxidant defences and redox balance in the body. On the one hand, antioxidants, such as vitamin E, or minerals (e.g., Se, Mn, Cu and Zn) are a compulsory part of the commercial pre-mixes for poultry, and, in most cases, are adequate to meet the physiological requirements in these elements. On the other hand, due to the aforementioned commercially relevant stressors, there is a need for additional support for the antioxidant system in poultry. This new direction in improving antioxidant defences for poultry in stress conditions is related to an opportunity to activate a range of vitagenes (via Nrf2-related mechanisms: superoxide dismutase, SOD; heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; GSH and thioredoxin, or other mechanisms: Heat shock protein (HSP)/heat shock factor (HSP), sirtuins, etc.) to maximise internal AO protection and redox balance maintenance. Therefore, the development of vitagene-regulating nutritional supplements is on the agenda of many commercial companies worldwide.

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Section: Sirtuinsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Antioxidant Defence Systems and Oxidative Stress in Poultry Biology: An Update

et al. 2019

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“…Emerging research has recently focused on biological relevance for cell protection in many degenerative diseases and for neuroprotection in several neurodegenerative disorders, particularly AD and PD, of the redox homeostasis elicited by plant polyphenols through the activation of vitagene signaling pathways. The latter involves redox sensitive genes such as the Hsp70, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase, and sirtuins system [108]. All these cytoprotective genes can be transcriptionally modulated by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a part of the electrophile counterattack, defined phase 2 response.…”

Section: Redox Homeostasis and The Inflammatory Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Effects of Plant Polyphenols: Molecular Mechanisms

Leri

Scuto

Ontario

et al. 2020

IJMS

314

213

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The increasing extension in life expectancy of human beings in developed countries is accompanied by a progressively greater rate of degenerative diseases associated with lifestyle and aging, most of which are still waiting for effective, not merely symptomatic, therapies. Accordingly, at present, the recommendations aimed at reducing the prevalence of these conditions in the population are limited to a safer lifestyle including physical/mental exercise, a reduced caloric intake, and a proper diet in a convivial environment. The claimed health benefits of the Mediterranean and Asian diets have been confirmed in many clinical trials and epidemiological surveys. These diets are characterized by several features, including low meat consumption, the intake of oils instead of fats as lipid sources, moderate amounts of red wine, and significant amounts of fresh fruit and vegetables. In particular, the latter have attracted popular and scientific attention for their content, though in reduced amounts, of a number of molecules increasingly investigated for their healthy properties. Among the latter, plant polyphenols have raised remarkable interest in the scientific community; in fact, several clinical trials have confirmed that many health benefits of the Mediterranean/Asian diets can be traced back to the presence of significant amounts of these molecules, even though, in some cases, contradictory results have been reported, which highlights the need for further investigation. In light of the results of these trials, recent research has sought to provide information on the biochemical, molecular, epigenetic, and cell biology modifications by plant polyphenols in cell, organismal, animal, and human models of cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative pathologies, notably Alzheimer’s and Parkinson disease. The findings reported in the last decade are starting to help to decipher the complex relations between plant polyphenols and cell homeostatic systems including metabolic and redox equilibrium, proteostasis, and the inflammatory response, establishing an increasingly solid molecular basis for the healthy effects of these molecules. Taken together, the data currently available, though still incomplete, are providing a rationale for the possible use of natural polyphenols, or their molecular scaffolds, as nutraceuticals to contrast aging and to combat many associated pathologies.

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“…This canine model allowed preclinical studies on the role of neuroprotective drugs, such as statins. An interesting link between the pathogenesis of AD and of other, apparently different, diseases, such as glaucoma, has been highlighted in a study by Trovato Salinaro et al ( 2014 ). In fact, both AD and glaucoma have a common pathogenetic role played by free radicals and the ability to activate the adaptive stress response systemically (Trovato Salinaro et al, 2014 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…An interesting link between the pathogenesis of AD and of other, apparently different, diseases, such as glaucoma, has been highlighted in a study by Trovato Salinaro et al ( 2014 ). In fact, both AD and glaucoma have a common pathogenetic role played by free radicals and the ability to activate the adaptive stress response systemically (Trovato Salinaro et al, 2014 ). As in many cells, the activation of cell stress response is a response mechanism to the damage caused by free radicals and its modulation by nutritional supplements, defined nutraceuticals, is currently considered an adjuvant approach to standard therapy of diseases, including AD (Mecocci et al, 2014 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%