Evaluation of scoring systems and prognostic factors in patients with spinal metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Kumar, Naresh; Tan, Jiajie; Zaw, Aye Sandar; Lim, Jimmy; Wai, Khin Lay; Malhotra, Rishi; Loh, Thomas Kwok Seng; Liu, Gabriel Ka Po; Thambiah, Joseph

doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2014.06.001

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Based on previous studies, spine involvement or not was of great significance to the prognosis of malignant tumors. 37,38 In accordance with the literature, spine involvement also decreased the prognosis of patients with bone metastases. Patients with spinal involvement (prognosis of 2 patients was unavailable) had an average survival of 41.78 months, while those without spinal involvement occupied a two-fold increase survival time of 82.49 months.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

<p>Bone Metastases of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Review of Published Literature</p>

Yang¹,

Yan²,

Zeng³

et al. 2020

CMAR

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Background: With the occurrence and improvement of immunohistochemistry and other pathological diagnostic techniques, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has been gradually recognized. With the prolonged survival of patients with GISTs, reports about the bone metastasis of GIST increased. However, the knowledge of GISTs is rather limited due to its very low incidence. Methods: Cochrane and Medline database (via PubMed) were searched in July 2019 with related keywords to acquire the literature related to the bone metastasis of GIST. Then, the literature was reviewed and references were also scanned to identify the possible related reports. Study data comprising age, sex, primary location, metastasis interval time, immunohistochemistry index, management and prognosis were recorded and analyzed. Results: Forty-five patients with bone metastases of GIST, with a mean age of 61.09 years, were included. The small intestine and stomach were the most common primary sites, followed by the rectum. Patients with small intestine primary sites had bone metastases that occurred earlier than the bone metastases stomach and rectum primary sites. The spine was the most common site of bony metastases. The mean survival time after GIST diagnosis was more than 64.02 months. Patients younger than 60 years old had a worse prognosis than those older than 60 years old. Furthermore, patients with spinal involvement had a worse prognosis than those without spinal involvement. Surgical interventions combined with targeted therapies guaranteed a better prognosis. Conclusion: Bone metastasis of GIST, which mainly occurs in the spine, is rather rare. Patients with GISTs of the small intestine and stomach suffered from bone metastasis more frequently and earlier than patients with GISTs in other primary sites. Age, sex, primary tumor location, treatment mode for the primary lesions and metastases, and spine involvement may be potential factors that affect the prognosis of GIST patients with bone metastases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

<p>Bone Metastases of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Review of Published Literature</p>

Yang¹,

Yan²,

Zeng³

et al. 2020

CMAR

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“…Several authors have addressed this issue by developing customized scoring systems for specific tumor pathologies including prostate, gastric, and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. 65–67 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Prognostic Scoring Systems in Assessing Surgical Candidacy for Patients With Vertebral Metastasis: A Narrative Review

Cassidy

Baker

Lenehan

2018

Global Spine Journal

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Study Design:Narrative review.Objectives:To review the relevant literature regarding scoring systems for vertebral metastases and quantify their role in contemporary orthopedic practice.Methods:A literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase was performed on February 7, 2017. Eight scoring systems were selected for detailed review—7 of which were scores focused solely on patient prognosis (Tokuhashi, Tomita, Bauer, Oswestry Spinal Risk Index, Van der Linden, Rades, and Katagiri). The eighth system reviewed was the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score, which examines for impending spinal instability in patients with vertebral metastases and represents a novel approach compared with hitherto scoring systems.Results:The Bauer and Oswestry Spinal Risk Index have the most accurate prognostic predictive ability, with the newer Oswestry Spinal Risk Index being favored by the contemporary literature as it demands less investigation and is therefore more readily accessible. There was a growing trend in studies designed to customize scoring systems for individual cancer pathological subtypes. The Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score shows good reliability for predicting instability among surgeons and oncologists.Conclusions:The increased understanding of cancer pathology and subsequent development of customized treatments has led to prolonged survival. For patients with vertebral metastases, this affects surgical candidacy not only on the basis of prognosis but also provides prolonged opportunity for the development of spinal instability. Scoring systems have a useful guidance role in these deciding for/against surgical intervention, but in order to remain contemporary ongoing review, development, and revalidation is mandatory.

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“…Furthermore, Jin et al [ 15 ] in 2012 developed a prognostic score model (PSM) incorporating some biomarkers, based on PS, age, hemoglobin level, LDH level, ALP level, and serum Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA level for metastatic NPC in epidemic area. Kumar et al [ 16 ] in 2014 evaluated scoring system and prognostic factors in patients with spinal metastases from NPC, finding out that general condition ( P < 0.01), visceral metastases ( P < 0.01), and vertebral metastases ( P < 0.01) showed significant association with survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nomogram for predicting survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with metachronous metastasis

et al. 2016

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Patients with metachronous metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) differ significantly in survival outcomes. The aim of this study is to build a clinically practical nomogram incorporating known tumor prognostic factors to predict survival for metastatic NPC patients in epidemic areas.A total of 860 patients with metachronous metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. Variables assessed were age, gender, body mass index, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) T and N stages, World Health Organization (WHO) histology type, serum lactate dehydrogenase (sLDH) level, serum Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) level, treatment modality, specific metastatic location (lung/liver/bone), number of metastatic location(s) (isolated vs multiple), and number of metastatic lesion(s) in metastatic location(s) (single vs multiple). The independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) by Cox-regression model were utilized to build the nomogram.Independent prognostic factors for OS of metastatic NPC patients included age, UICC N stage, KPS, sLDH, number of metastatic locations, number of metastatic lesions, involvement of liver metastasis, and involvement of bone metastasis. Calibration of the final model suggested a c-index of 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–0.69). Based on the total point (TP) by nomogram, we further subdivided the study cohort into 4 groups. Group 1 (TP < 320, 208 patients) had the lowest risk of dying. Discrimination was visualized by the differences in survival between these 4 groups (group 2/group 1: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.24–2.09; group 3/group 1: HR = 2.20, 95%CI: 1.69–2.86; and group 4/group 1: HR = 3.66, 95%CI: 2.82–4.75).The developed nomogram can help guide the prognostication of patients with metachronous metastatic NPC in epidemic areas.

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Evaluation of scoring systems and prognostic factors in patients with spinal metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

<p>Bone Metastases of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Review of Published Literature</p>

<p>Bone Metastases of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Review of Published Literature</p>

The Role of Prognostic Scoring Systems in Assessing Surgical Candidacy for Patients With Vertebral Metastasis: A Narrative Review

A nomogram for predicting survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with metachronous metastasis

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