Heart rate at 4 s after the onset of exercise in endurance-trained men

Zaniqueli, Divanei; Morra, Elis Aguiar; Dantas, Eduardo Miranda; Baldo, Marcelo Perim; Carletti, Luciana; Perez, Anselmo José; Rodrigues, Sérgio Lamêgo; Mill, José Geraldo

doi:10.1139/cjpp-2014-0042

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Regarding the GABPB1, the individuals presenting the AA genotype showed a lower maximal HR and lower HR in VT1 and VT2 than AC genotypes. This result is in accordance with other studies that also consider this genotype favorable for endurance sports (Eynon et al, 2013) as it has been described that endurance athletes present lower HR in maximum aerobic traits (Zaniqueli et al, 2014). The GABPB1 gene encodes the GA-binding protein transcription factor, which is implicated in the regulation of the mitochondrial function generating ATP energy (Dinkova-Kostova and Abramov, 2015) what might explain the implication of this gene in the individual endurance capacity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A Potential Endurance Algorithm Prediction in the Field of Sports Performance

et al. 2020

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Sport performance is influenced by several factors, including genetic susceptibility. In the past years, specific single nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated to sport performance; however, these effects should be considered in multivariable prediction systems since they are related to a polygenic inheritance. The aim of this study was to design a genetic endurance prediction score (GES) of endurance performance and analyze its association with anthropometric, nutritional and sport efficiency variables in a cross-sectional study within fifteen male cyclists. A statistically significant positive relationship between GES and the VO 2 maximum (P = 0.033), VO 2 VT1 (P = 0.049) and VO 2 VT2 (P < 0.001) was observed. Moreover, additional remarkable associations between genotype and the anthropometric, nutritional and sport performance variables, were achieved. In addition, an interesting link between the habit of consuming caffeinated beverages and the GES was observed. The outcomes of the present study indicate a potential use of this genetic prediction algorithm in the sports' field, which may facilitate the finding of genetically talented athletes, improve their training and food habits, as well as help in the improvement of physical conditions of amateurs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A Potential Endurance Algorithm Prediction in the Field of Sports Performance

et al. 2020

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“…In addition to the abovementioned primarily methodological studies, several other physiological and clinical studies have been published using 4sET both by our group 29 - 34 and by other groups in Brazil 35 - 37 and abroad 38 - 40 . This study will help consolidate 4sET as a protocol for assessing cardiac vagal modulation by providing reference values for the Brazilian adult population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

4-Second Exercise Test: Reference Values for Ages 18-81 Years

Araújo¹,

Castro²,

Franca³

et al. 2015

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

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BackgroundPhysiological reflexes modulated primarily by the vagus nerve allow the heart to decelerate and accelerate rapidly after a deep inspiration followed by rapid movement of the limbs. This is the physiological and pharmacologically validated basis for the 4-s exercise test (4sET) used to assess the vagal modulation of cardiac chronotropism.ObjectiveTo present reference data for 4sET in healthy adults.MethodsAfter applying strict clinical inclusion/exclusion criteria, 1,605 healthy adults (61% men) aged between 18 and 81 years subjected to 4sET were evaluated between 1994 and 2014. Using 4sET, the cardiac vagal index (CVI) was obtained by calculating the ratio between the duration of two RR intervals in the electrocardiogram: 1) after a 4-s rapid and deep breath and immediately before pedaling and 2) at the end of a rapid and resistance-free 4-s pedaling exercise.ResultsCVI varied inversely with age (r = -0.33, p < 0.01), and the intercepts and slopes of the linear regressions between CVI and age were similar for men and women (p > 0.05). Considering the heteroscedasticity and the asymmetry of the distribution of the CVI values according to age, we chose to express the reference values in percentiles for eight age groups (years): 18–30, 31–40, 41–45, 46–50, 51–55, 56–60, 61–65, and 66+, obtaining progressively lower median CVI values ranging from 1.63 to 1.24.ConclusionThe availability of CVI percentiles for different age groups should promote the clinical use of 4sET, which is a simple and safe procedure for the evaluation of vagal modulation of cardiac chronotropism.

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“…Research shows that autonomic dysfunction systems are related to chronic degenerative diseases and the risk of mortality [24]. Trained individuals may present a higher HRV followed by a lower resting HR because of increased vagal activity [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic Steroid Abuse is Associated With a Dysfunction of the Autonomic System

Júnior,

Mostarda,

Urtado

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether AAS abuse can induce cardiac autonomic dysfunction in trained individuals after a session. Employing a quasi-experimental design, 17 healthy men were divided into two groups: users of AAS (N-7), who reported self-administration for at least two years and non-users of AAS (N-10). All subjects performed an acute strength-training session consisting of three sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of 1RM for four exercises (bench press, leg press, rowing and leg extension), with an inter set rest interval of 60 seconds. HRV measurements were taken before and during a 60-minute post-exercise recovery period. Results showed that AAS users had lower values for standard deviation of the NN intervals and root mean squared successive differences when compared to the non-AAS users before the resistance exercise. However immediately after the resistance training, all indexes in the time domain, non-linear and symbolic analysis were similar between AAS and NAAS. We conclude that the use of AAS is consistent with a dysfunction of the autonomic system, resulting in an increase of the sympathetic component and a corresponding decrease of the parasympathetic component.

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Heart rate at 4 s after the onset of exercise in endurance-trained men

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

A Potential Endurance Algorithm Prediction in the Field of Sports Performance

A Potential Endurance Algorithm Prediction in the Field of Sports Performance

4-Second Exercise Test: Reference Values for Ages 18-81 Years

Anabolic Steroid Abuse is Associated With a Dysfunction of the Autonomic System

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