“…Biological communities are experiencing rapid changes in Neotropical ecosystems driven by species local extinction and colonization of new sites, resulting by the interaction and additive effects of factors such as climate change, emerging diseases and habitat degradation; yet there is emerging evidence of adaptive potential of species to respond to environmental change (Mendelson et al, 2004;Colwell, Brehm, Cardelús, Gilman, & Longino, 2008;Bickford, Howard, Ng, & Sheridan, 2010;Ryan et al, 2014;Acosta-Chaves & Cossel, 2016;Lister & García, 2018;Voyles et al, 2018). The way in which biological communities change over time due to these and other anthropogenic and natural pressures has become a relevant issue in community ecology (Ryan et al, 2014;Lister & García, 2018;Voyles et al, 2018). Costa Rican amphibians provide an interesting model to study these patterns due to the population decline that several species had suffered during the last decades (Pounds & Crump, 1994;Lips, 1998, Lips et al, 2006Whitfield et al, 2007;Ryan et al, 2014;Acosta-Chaves, Bolaños, Spínola, & Chaves, 2016).…”