Pre-operative Risk Stratification for Cancer-specific Survival in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma with Venous Involvement Who Underwent Nephrectomy

Abstract

We demonstrated a simple risk stratification model with four pre-operative independent prognostic factors for patients with renal cell carcinoma with venous involvement. This may be a useful decision-making model in the management of such patients.

A proposal of post‐operative nomogram for overall survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus

“…Haddad et al reported a pre‐operative nomogram for risk assessment in patients with RCC accompanying a suprahepatic IVC thrombus. Similarly, Nakayama et al constructed a pre‐operative risk stratification model for patients with RCC and VTT; nevertheless, the sample size was small. Abel et al created a recurrence model for patients had non‐metastatic RCC and tumor thrombus.…”

Preoperative Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Is Associated with Cancer-Specific Survival and Recurrence-Free Survival of Nonmetastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma with Venous Tumor Thrombus

“…Therefore, we recommend surgeons to consider the preoperative GGT level when distinguishing the patients' postoperative survival during preoperative evaluation or consultation. Several liver function markers, such as alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase, have been reported to serve as prognostic biomarkers in the subset of RCC with venous tumor thrombus [ 7 , 29 ]. Even so, the generalization of these parameters, including the serum GGT, needs further validation in prospective studies.…”

“…Despite the development of multidisciplinary cooperation and operative skills, high rates of disease recurrence and cancer-specific mortality after surgical treatment remain an obvious concern in RCC patients with venous tumor thrombus [ 3 ]. The reported 5-year cancer-specific survival rates in this special subgroup ranged from 36.0% to 65.0% [ 4 – 7 ]. Considering the distinct heterogeneity of survival rates, several prognostic factors, including the tumor thrombus level, histological subtype, lymph node invasion, nuclear grade, were suggested to predict postoperative survival [ 8 , 9 ].…”

“…Haddad et al investigated 166 RCC patients with tumor thrombus above the hepatic vein and revealed that an elevated level of preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase was associated with an increased risk of cancer-related death [ 10 ]. In addition, preoperative lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein were demonstrated to be independent prognostic factors in another study with a relatively small sample [ 7 ].…”

Surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma of left kidney complicated by vena cava inferior and right atrium thrombosis (case report)

“…Большинство авторов [3,4,6,8] считают обязательным применение ИК, однако исполь-зование гипотермии, степень охлаждения пациента, ис-пользование циркуляторного ареста (ЦА) и кардиоплегии остаются предметом дискуссии. Летальный исход в бли-жайшем послеоперационном периоде при радикальной нефрэктомии с тромбэктомией из НПВ в условиях ИК наблюдается в 4,4-6,6%, 5-летняя выживаемость состав-ляет 49-65% [10,12,16].…”