Verbal Learning Deficits in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression

Scheiner, Diane; Keilp, John G.; Mindt, Monica Rivera; Burke, Ainsley K.; Oquendo, María A.; Mann, J. John

doi:10.1002/jts.21921

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This finding is inconsistent with previous episodic memory research that has demonstrated that episodic memory deficits associated with PTSD are more pronounced for verbal compared to visual memory (Brewin et al, 2007). However, they align with previous studies demonstrating impaired visual WM in PTSD (Olff et al, 2014), but contradict studies that have reported impaired verbal WM (e.g., El-Hage et al, 2006;Tian et al, 2014;Stricker et al, 2015) or no association between verbal and visual WM and PTSD (e.g., Scheiner et al, 2014;Wrocklage et al, 2016). In the present study, whereby the visual and verbal material were carefully matched regarding the structure and format of the stimuli and assessed within the same paradigm (Swick et al, 2017), it seems that visual WM was impaired.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Some findings have revealed impaired visual WM in PTSD patients compared to trauma-exposed matched controls (e.g., Olff et al, 2014), whereas other studies have reported impaired verbal WM, typically measured using digit span, in trauma-exposed patients, particularly those with PTSD, compared to trauma survivors without PTSD and healthy non-trauma-exposed controls (e.g., El-Hage et al, 2006;Stricker et al, 2015;Tian et al, 2014). However, other researchers have found that verbal (e.g., Scheiner et al, 2014;Wrocklage et al, 2016) and visual (Neylan et al, 2004) WM deficits were not associated with PTSD. It is important to note that the verbal and visual WM tests employed in these studies were not carefully matched regarding the structure and format of the stimuli (Swick et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 97%

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Proactive Interference in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Daneshvar

Taghavi

Jobson

2020

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Deficits in working memory (WM) have a role in maintaining posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, including intrusions, which are a hallmark of PTSD symptomatology. As intrusions are distressing and uncontrollable, it is important to investigate whether PTSD is associated with altered control of proactive interference in WM. Moreover, it is important to consider both verbal and visual WM, as previous research has demonstrated a visual versus verbal dissociation in PTSD. Although previous studies have explored proactive interference in visual and verbal stimuli using a recent probe task, the stimuli used thus far have been non–trauma‐related. Therefore, we aimed to investigate proactive interference in PTSD using trauma‐related verbal and visual stimuli. Road traffic accident (RTA) survivors with (n = 60) and without PTSD (n = 30) completed a recent probe task to assess proactive interference of visual and verbal trauma‐related material. Participants with PTSD displayed significantly more proactive interference than trauma‐exposed controls for visual, ηp2 = .40, and verbal material, ηp2 = .10, indicating that proactive interference is significantly impaired in PTSD. This demonstrates that further research is warranted and highlights the possibility of considering proactive interference of trauma‐related stimuli in therapeutic approaches.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 97%

Proactive Interference in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Daneshvar

Taghavi

Jobson

2020

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…Verbal WM is more commonly examined, typically using standardized tests such as digit span. Findings here are mixed, with impaired (Jenkins et al, 2000; Gilbertson et al, 2001; Vasterling et al, 2002; El-Hage et al, 2006; Tian et al, 2014; Stricker et al, 2015) and intact (Uddo et al, 1993; Zalewski et al, 1994; Neylan et al, 2004; Moores et al, 2008; Scheiner et al, 2014; Wrocklage et al, 2016) performance both reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Deficits in episodic memory have been most often observed using standardized measures to assess list learning and recall (Bremner et al, 1993; Yehuda et al, 1995; Scheiner et al, 2014). One review suggested that verbal memory is consistently impaired in PTSD (Johnsen & Asbjørnsen, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation between working memory performance and proactive interference control in post-traumatic stress disorder

et al. 2017

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Deficits in working memory (WM) and cognitive control processes have been reported in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in addition to clinical symptoms such as hypervigilance, re-experiencing, and avoidance of trauma reminders. Given the uncontrollable nature of intrusive memories, an important question is whether PTSD is associated with altered control of interference in WM. Some studies also suggest that episodic memory shows a material-specific dissociation in PTSD, with greater impairments in verbal memory and relative sparing of nonverbal memory. It is unclear whether this dissociation applies to WM, as no studies have used identical task parameters across material. Here we tested 29 combat Veterans with PTSD and 29 age-matched control Veterans on a recent probes WM task with words and visual patterns in separate blocks. Participants studied four-item sets, followed by a probe stimulus that had been presented in the previous set (recent probe) or not (nonrecent probe). Participants with PTSD made more errors than controls, and this decrement was similar for verbal and visual stimuli. Proactive interference from items recently presented, but no longer relevant, was not significantly different in the PTSD group and showed no relationship to re-experiencing symptom severity. These results demonstrate that PTSD is not reliably associated with increased intrusions of irrelevant representations into WM when non-emotional stimuli are used. Future studies that use trauma-related material may provide insight into the flashbacks and intrusive thoughts that plague those with PTSD.

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“…Scheiner et al. (2014) reported that participants with PTSD and comorbid MDD performed comparably with all the groups and within the normal functioning range on measures of attention. Memory deficits have consistently been reported for both PTSD and MDD, individually (Lim et al., 2013; McIntyre et al., 2013; Rock et al., 2014; Scott et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurocognitive profile of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and PTSD with comorbid MDD

et al. 2021

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Objective Neurocognitive dysfunction has been associated with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, although PTSD is often comorbid with MDD, there is little neurocognitive work to date on individuals who suffer from both PTSD and MDD. Here, we compared neurocognitive domains in individuals with PTSD, MDD, and comorbid PTSD and MDD with those of healthy controls. Methods Participants comprised of mothers enrolled in the Drakenstein Child Health Study, a study exploring child health determinants in the Drakenstein district, Western Cape. N = 175 mothers (between 18 and 50 years) were recruited and divided into 4 groups: PTSD, MDD, PTSD with MDD, and healthy controls. Participants were assessed using the computerized NIH Toolbox, and paper and pencil neurocognitive tests. Domains assessed included executive function, memory, attention, learning, and processing speed. Results Distinct patterns of neurocognitive dysfunction were observed in this sample. PTSD was associated with more intrusion errors and MDD was associated with delayed recall impairment, relative to healthy controls. PTSD with comorbid MDD was associated with processing speed impairments, relative to healthy controls, and monodiagnostic groups. No group differences were observed on measures of attention and executive function. Conclusion Distinct patterns of neurocognitive dysfunction were associated with diagnoses of MDD and PTSD. Greater anticipated dysfunction and impairment in comorbid PTSD and MDD was not observed, however. Further work is needed to replicate and extend these findings.

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Verbal Learning Deficits in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

Proactive Interference in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Proactive Interference in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Dissociation between working memory performance and proactive interference control in post-traumatic stress disorder

The neurocognitive profile of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and PTSD with comorbid MDD

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