Cardiovascular risk profiles in relation to newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes diagnosed by either glucose or HbA<sub>1c</sub> criteria in Chinese adults in Qingdao, China

Qie, Liangyi; Sun, Jianping; Feng, Na; Pang, Zengchang; Gao, Weiguo; Ren, Jie; Nan, Hairong; Zhang, L.; Qiao, Qing

doi:10.1111/dme.12498

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, there is evidence to suggest that hyperinsulinism is the first metabolic abnormality seen in obese pediatric patients, and impaired fasting glucose occurs at a much later stage in the progression toward type 2 diabetes mellitus . Further, in adults, HbA 1c and FBG are also differentially associated with cardiovascular risk profiles, with HbA 1c being more strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events than FBG . While the findings from the current study cannot corroborate the previous findings in adults, both the adiposity (HbA 1c ) and vascular (FBG) factors were significantly worse for overweight‐obese children compared with normal‐weight children.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

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Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis

Stoner

Weatherall

Skidmore

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundAtherosclerosis begins during preadolescence and is occurring at an accelerated rate. This acceleration has been linked to poor lifestyle behaviors and subsequent cardiometabolic complications. Although the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors has been recognized for over 2 decades, previous studies in children have predominantly examined the relationships between atherosclerosis and individual cardiometabolic risk factors or have grouped together preadolescent and adolescent children. Further, no known studies have included glycated hemoglobin or central hemodynamic measures such as central systolic blood pressure and augmentation index.Methods and ResultsPrincipal component analysis was performed on a cross‐sectional sample of 392 children (aged 9.5 years, 50% girls) from 3 representative sample sites across New Zealand. Four factors explained 60% of the variance in the measured variables. In order of variance explained, the factors were: blood pressure (central systolic blood pressure and peripheral systolic and diastolic blood pressure), adiposity (waist circumference, body mass index, and glycated hemoglobin), lipids (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol), and vascular (augmentation index, heart rate, and fasting blood glucose).ConclusionsIn accordance with previous findings in adults and adolescents, one common factor is unlikely to define cardiometabolic health in preadolescent children. Each of the factors, except vascular, which was predominantly explained by augmentation index, are in agreement with previous findings in adolescents. An additional novel finding was that glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose loaded onto different factors, supporting previous work suggesting that fasting blood glucose indicates short‐term glycemic control, whereas glycated hemoglobin reflects chronic glycemic control.Clinical Trial Registration URL: www.anzctr.org.au/. ID: ACTRN12614000433606.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…However, FBG indicates short‐term glycemic control, whereas HbA 1c reflects chronic glycemic control . Findings in adults suggest that HbA 1c and FBG have different patterns of association with cardiovascular risk profiles . For example, HbA 1c is more strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events than FBG .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis

Stoner

Weatherall

Skidmore

et al. 2017

JAHA

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“…A representative sample of the general population aged 35-74 years who had lived in Qingdao for at least 5 years were recruited through a stratified, random cluster sampling method using an official household registry system based on the 2000 Qingdao population composition, as described elsewhere. 10 If the participant reported difficulty in understanding or filling out the questionnaire, study staff read the questionnaire to the participant and recorded the participant's response. In total, 5355 participants (response rate 87.8%) and 5165 participants (response rate 86.1%) were recruited in 2006 and 2009, respectively.…”

Section: Study Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Before and After a Tobacco-Free Olympic Policy Period: Qingdao, China

Zhao

Stewart

et al. 2018

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction We explored the impact of a temporary tobacco-free public policy for the 2008 Summer Olympics on the smoking prevalence and secondhand smoke exposure among the population of a co-hosting city, Qingdao, China. Methods The Qingdao Diabetes Survey was analyzed for 2006 (n = 4599) and 2009 (n = 4680), which are survey years before and after the tobacco-free Olympics public policy period (July 2007 to January 2009). We analyzed the differences in self-reported smoking prevalence and exposure to secondhand smoke at home and/or workplace, and compared odds of smoking by survey year and of exposure to secondhand smoke among nonsmokers. Results From 2006 to 2009, the male smoking prevalence declined from 51.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 49.0% to 53.9%) to 42.6% (95% CI = 40.2% to 45.1%), and the proportion of lighter smokers decreased more. Among nonsmokers, the secondhand smoke exposure rate declined from 62.2% (95% CI = 60.5% to 63.9%) to 56.8% (95% CI = 55.1% to 58.6%). Regression analyses show 34% lower odds of men smoking after Olympics (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.57% to 0.77%). Rural residents and individuals who are not retired were more likely to smoke. Female nonsmokers report 17% less exposure to secondhand smoke after Olympics (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70% to 0.98%). Urban nonsmokers were more likely to be exposed than their rural counterparts. Conclusions Smoking prevalence among men and secondhand smoke exposure among women significantly decreased in Qingdao, China, after the tobacco-free Olympics public policy period. As only the proportion of lighter smokers decreased, this may help explain why urban nonsmokers reported increased exposure. Unintended increased secondhand smoke exposure and cessation support need to be addressed in large-scale policy campaigns. Implications Hosting the Olympic Games can help to initiate large-scale tobacco-free public policies for hosting cities. Although previous studies have demonstrated reduction in nonsmoker exposure to secondhand smoke, the impact on the hosting city’s smoking prevalence or exposure rates is unclear. After the Olympic Games in Qingdao, China, smoking prevalence among men significantly decreased, mostly due to light smokers. Secondhand smoke exposure at home and/or workplace significantly decreased among female nonsmokers. Urban nonsmokers had an unintended consequence of increased secondhand smoke exposure after the tobacco-free Olympic policy period. Concurrent promotion of cessation support for heavier smokers may be needed.

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“…17 Findings in adults suggest that HbA 1c and FBG have different patterns of association with cardiovascular risk profiles. 18 For example, HbA 1c is more strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events than FBG. 19,20 We could identify no studies that explored whether HbA 1c and FBG are differentially associated with cardiovascular risk profiles in children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardio-metabolic Risk Variables In Pre-adolescent Children - A Factor Analysis

Stoner

Weatherall

Castro

et al. 2017

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Background--Atherosclerosis begins during preadolescence and is occurring at an accelerated rate. This acceleration has been linked to poor lifestyle behaviors and subsequent cardiometabolic complications. Although the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors has been recognized for over 2 decades, previous studies in children have predominantly examined the relationships between atherosclerosis and individual cardiometabolic risk factors or have grouped together preadolescent and adolescent children. Further, no known studies have included glycated hemoglobin or central hemodynamic measures such as central systolic blood pressure and augmentation index.

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Cardiovascular risk profiles in relation to newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes diagnosed by either glucose or HbA_1c criteria in Chinese adults in Qingdao, China

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease risk profiles were different in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes defined by the two diagnostic criteria for diabetes. This may have certain clinical implications on diabetes management and research.

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis

Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis

Cigarette Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Before and After a Tobacco-Free Olympic Policy Period: Qingdao, China

Cardio-metabolic Risk Variables In Pre-adolescent Children - A Factor Analysis

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Cardiovascular risk profiles in relation to newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes diagnosed by either glucose or HbA1c criteria in Chinese adults in Qingdao, China

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease risk profiles were different in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes defined by the two diagnostic criteria for diabetes. This may have certain clinical implications on diabetes management and research.

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis

Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis

Cigarette Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Before and After a Tobacco-Free Olympic Policy Period: Qingdao, China

Cardio-metabolic Risk Variables In Pre-adolescent Children - A Factor Analysis

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Cardiovascular risk profiles in relation to newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes diagnosed by either glucose or HbA_1c criteria in Chinese adults in Qingdao, China