Infant locomotive development and its association with adult blood pressure

Pillas, Demetris; Kaakinen, Marika; Tzoulaki, Ioanna; Netuveli, Gopalakrishnan; Fung, Erik; Tammelin, Tuija; Blane, David; Millwood, Iona Y.; Hardy, Rebecca; Sovio, Ulla; Pouta, Anneli; Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa; Laitinen, Jaana; Vaara, Sarianna; Khan, Anokhi Ali; Chong, Raymond; Elliott, Paul; Järvelin, Marjo‐Riitta

doi:10.1007/s00431-014-2326-2

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The information on motor, social and lingual development of the children was gathered in regular visits to the Finnish child welfare clinics by nurses and doctors interviewing the parents and observing the children during infancy and early childhood in monthly intervals [32] . This is a normal procedure in Finnish public health care and was not organized particularly for this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Between Parental Psychosis and Early Motor Development and the Risk of Schizophrenia in a General Population Birth Cohort

Keskinen

Marttila

et al. 2015

Eur. psychiatr.

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BackgroundDelayed motor development in infancy and family history of psychosis are both associated with increased risk of schizophrenia, but their interaction is largely unstudied.AimTo investigate the association of the age of achieving motor milestones and parental psychosis and their interaction in respect to risk of schizophrenia.MethodsWe used data from the general population-based prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n = 10,283). Developmental information of the cohort members was gathered during regular visits to Finnish child welfare clinics. Several registers were used to determine the diagnosis of schizophrenia among the cohort members and psychosis among the parents. Altogether 152 (1.5%) individuals had schizophrenia by the age of 46 years, with 23 (15.1%) of them having a parent with psychosis. Cox regression analysis was used in analyses.ResultsParental psychosis was associated (P < 0.05) with later achievement of holding the head up, grabbing an object, and walking without support. In the parental psychosis group, the risk for schizophrenia was increased if holding the head up (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.46; degrees of freedom [df] = 1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.07–5.66) and touching the thumb with the index finger (HR: 1.84; df = 1; 95% CI: 1.11–3.06) was later. In the group without parental psychosis, a delay in the following milestones increased the risk of schizophrenia: standing without support and walking without support. Parental psychosis had an interaction with delayed touching thumb with index finger (HR: 1.87; df = 1; 95% CI: 1.08–3.25) when risk of schizophrenia was investigated.ConclusionsParental psychosis was associated with achieving motor milestones later in infancy, particularly the milestones that appear early in a child's life. Parental psychosis and touching the thumb with the index finger had a significant interaction on risk of schizophrenia. Genetic risk for psychosis may interact with delayed development to raise future risk of schizophrenia, or delayed development may be a marker of other risk processes that interact with genetic liability to cause later schizophrenia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Between Parental Psychosis and Early Motor Development and the Risk of Schizophrenia in a General Population Birth Cohort

Keskinen

Marttila

et al. 2015

Eur. psychiatr.

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“…This is a routine procedure in Finnish public health care, and the protocol was not organized for study purposes. Thereafter, the data were retrospectively completed as previously described 18 . The following milestones were addressed: making sounds, holding up the head, grabbing objects, turning from back to tummy, sitting without support, standing with support, walking with support, standing without support, and walking without support.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC) revealed several age‐specific relationships. Infant motor development was associated with sports participation in adolescence, 12 as well as physical performance 17 and blood pressure 18 in adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant motor development and physical activity and sedentary time at midlife

Karppanen

Hurtig

Miettunen

et al. 2021

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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This study investigated whether the timing of infant motor development is associated with self‐reported and accelerometer‐measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in midlife. This population‐based study consisted of 4098 people born in 1966 in Northern Finland (NFBC 1966). Data on nine infant motor developmental milestones included making sounds, holding up the head, grabbing objects, turning from back to tummy, sitting without support, standing with support, walking with support, standing without support, and walking without support. At the age of 46, PA at leisure time and sitting time was self‐reported. PA and ST were also measured with a wrist‐worn Polar Active accelerometer that was instructed to be worn on the non‐dominant hand 24 h/d for 14 days. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the association between infant motor development and PA and ST in midlife. Later infant motor development was weakly associated with higher accelerometer‐measured light PA, but not with moderate‐to‐vigorous PA. Later infant locomotor development was associated with lower accelerometer‐measured ST (β −0.07, p = 0.012) and lower self‐reported sitting time at work (β −0.06, p = 0.004) in women. In conclusion, later infant motor development was associated with higher light PA and lower sedentary time at middle age. PA is a multifactorial behavior influenced by various factors from early childhood to midlife. Further research is required before more general conclusions can be drawn.

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“…Independent walking, or upright and bipedal walking, a unique distinction of the human species, is the major motor developmental task during the first two years of life [ 33 ]. Age at onset of walking has often been used as an indicator of the progress of motor development in early life [ 14 , 17 ] and been shown to be associated with health risks in later life, such as bone strength [ 34 ] and blood pressure [ 35 ]. The age at which a child first walks independently varies widely from person to person and typically ranges from 8 months to 17–18 months, while 2.7% of children were not be able to walk independently at 24 months in a healthy sample [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between age at onset of independent walking and objectively measured sedentary behavior is mediated by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in primary school children

Aoyama

Tanaka

Tanaka³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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ObjectiveAge at onset of walking has been shown as an early predictor of physical activity in infants and children. However, little is known about whether age at onset of walking may predict sedentary behavior (SB). The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the timing of onset of walking and objectively measured SB, and whether this association is mediated by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children.MethodsThe subjects were 388 elementary school children aged 6–12 years. Current weight and height data were collected. Birth weight and the age in months the child first walked independently were reported based on the parents’ recall. Children’s SB and physical activity were objectively measured using a triaxial accelerometer (Active style Pro HJA-350IT, OMRON). The following summary outcome variables were derived from accelerometer data: Time (min/day) spent in SB (≤1.5 metabolic equivalents [METs]) and MVPA (≥3.0 METs).ResultsThe mean ± SD time (min/day) spent in sedentary was 376 ± 62 and MVPA was 67.6 ± 20.8. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that a later age at independent walking was associated with increased time spent in SB (β = 0.15, P < 0.001) and decreased time spent in MVPA (β = -0. 18, P < 0.001) after adjusting for gender, birth weight, current age, body weight, schools, and time spent wearing the accelerometer. When MVPA was introduced as a covariate in the model predicting SB, the association between the age at independent walking and time spent in SB was completely attenuated (β = 0.04, P = 0.215), while MVPA was significantly associated with SB (β = -0.61, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur results indicate that infants who walked at a later age spent more time in SB in childhood, and this association is mediated by MVPA. Appropriate interventions which focus on increasing MVPA and thereby reducing SB may be beneficial in infants who demonstrate a later age at onset of independent walking.

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Infant locomotive development and its association with adult blood pressure

Abstract: These results highlight the positive sequelae of advanced locomotive development during infancy, suggesting that the common regulatory systems between locomotion and blood pressure may influence the development of raised blood pressure over time.

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Interaction Between Parental Psychosis and Early Motor Development and the Risk of Schizophrenia in a General Population Birth Cohort

Interaction Between Parental Psychosis and Early Motor Development and the Risk of Schizophrenia in a General Population Birth Cohort

Infant motor development and physical activity and sedentary time at midlife

Association between age at onset of independent walking and objectively measured sedentary behavior is mediated by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in primary school children

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