Asymmetry of <scp>A</scp>chilles tendon mechanical and morphological properties between both legs

Böhm, Sebastian; Mersmann, Falk; Marzilger, Robert; Schroll, Arno; Arampatzis, Adamantios

doi:10.1111/sms.12242

Cited by 59 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Differences in the cross sectional area of the TC has been reported to be larger in older age group 17 . Significant changes in the length and thickness of TC between dominant and non-dominant feet 18 as well as between right and left side 19 have been documented. Differences in the length of the tendon between dominant and non-dominant side was also confirmed in cadaveric study by Bailus et al 20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Morphometric evaluation of human tendocalcaneus: a cadaveric study of south indian male population

Kumar

Nayak

Patil

et al. 2017

MLTJ

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SummaryIntroduction: Tendocalcaneus or Achilles tendon is formed by the fusion of the tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Normal morphometric measurements of tendo-calcaneus serves an important landmark in its anthropometric evaluation and biomechanical characteristics. Hence the objective of this study was to provide detailed morphometric profile of tendocalcaneus in south indian cadaveric male population. Materials and method: A total of 64 dissected adult limbs was studied. Out of the 64 limbs: 37 belonged to right side while 27 were of the left side. These limbs were dissected to expose the extent of tendocalcaneus. Total length, proximal width and proximal circumference of the tendon, distal width and distal circumference of the tendon was measured. Results were tabulated and correlated using SPSS. Results: Tendon length, width and circumference showed no statistically significant differences between the right and left side. However significant correlation was observed between proximal width and distal widths, proximal circumference and distal circumference, proximal width and proximal circumference and distal width and distal circumference of the tendon. Conclusion: This cadaveric morphometric study of tendo-calcaneus would be very helpful to sports medicine physicians for diagnosis and treatment of tendo Achilles overuse injuries and tendinopathy. Level of evidence: IV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Morphometric evaluation of human tendocalcaneus: a cadaveric study of south indian male population

Kumar

Nayak

Patil

et al. 2017

MLTJ

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“…Third, in Mahieu et al (2008)’s study, the left legs or ankles of their participants were evaluated, whereas we were measuring the changes of the AT on the dominant legs (right-leg dominant ( n = 42), left-leg dominant ( n = 3)) in response to a heel drop exercise. In fact, there are distinct loading profiles between both legs conferring asymmetric tendon properties (Bohm et al, 2015). Someone define the ball-kicking side (i.e., the leg of which we prefer most) as the dominant leg based on higher AT stiffness (Bohm et al, 2015; Siu et al, 2016), whereas higher prevalence of tendon rupture signifies dominant tendency of another leg (Chiu et al, 2016; Pang & Ying, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, there are distinct loading profiles between both legs conferring asymmetric tendon properties (Bohm et al, 2015). Someone define the ball-kicking side (i.e., the leg of which we prefer most) as the dominant leg based on higher AT stiffness (Bohm et al, 2015; Siu et al, 2016), whereas higher prevalence of tendon rupture signifies dominant tendency of another leg (Chiu et al, 2016; Pang & Ying, 2006). As suggested, there are different extents of the AT stiffness changes between both legs in response to immediate weight-bearing loads, and significant changes only occur in the leg of which we prefer most (Chiu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonographic evaluation of the immediate effects of eccentric heel drop exercise on Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius muscle stiffness using shear wave elastography

Leung

Chu

Lai

2017

PeerJ

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BackgroundMechanical loading is crucial for muscle and tendon tissue remodeling. Eccentric heel drop exercise has been proven to be effective in the management of Achilles tendinopathy, yet its induced change in the mechanical property (i.e., stiffness) of the Achilles tendon (AT), medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles (MG and LG) was unknown. Given that shear wave elastography has emerged as a powerful tool in assessing soft tissue stiffness with promising intra- and inter-operator reliability, the objective of this study was hence to characterize the stiffness of the AT, MG and LG in response to an acute bout of eccentric heel drop exercise.MethodsForty-five healthy young adults (36 males and nine females) performed 10 sets of 15-repetition heel drop exercise on their dominant leg with fully-extended knee, during which the AT and gastrocnemius muscles, but not soleus, were highly stretched. Before and immediately after the heel drop exercise, elastic moduli of the AT, MG and LG were measured by shear wave elastography.ResultsAfter the heel drop exercise, the stiffness of AT increased significantly by 41.8 + 33.5% (P < 0.001), whereas the increases in the MG and LG stiffness were found to be more drastic by 75 + 47.7% (P < 0.001) and 71.7 + 51.8% (P < 0.001), respectively. Regarding the AT, MG and LG stiffness measurements, the inter-operator reliability was 0.940, 0.987 and 0.986, and the intra-operator reliability was 0.916 to 0.978, 0.801 to 0.961 and 0.889 to 0.985, respectively.DiscussionThe gastrocnemius muscles were shown to bear larger mechanical loads than the AT during an acute bout of eccentric heel drop exercise. The findings from this pilot study shed some light on how and to what extent the AT and gastrocnemius muscles mechanically responds to an isolated set of heel drop exercise. Taken together, appropriate eccentric load might potentially benefit mechanical adaptations of the AT and gastrocnemius muscles in the rehabilitation of patients with Achilles tendinopathy.

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“…[21] This study found no differences between the right and left side for all measurements. Bohm et al [22] showed the dominant foot's Achilles tendon length was significantly longer than the non-dominant foot. Also, they found the thickness was significantly different between the dominant and non-dominant sides.…”

Section: Anatomy • Volume 9 / Issue 3 / December 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of physical characteristics, exercise and smoking on morphometry of human Achilles tendon: an ultrasound study

Canbolat¹,

Özbağ²,

Özdemir³

et al. 2015

Anatomy

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to reveal the normal morphometric values of Achilles tendon using ultrasound (US) imaging in subjects of different gender, age groups, smoking status, and physical exercise habits. Methods:A total of 342 Achilles tendons were examined in the 171 volunteers (69 females, 102 males) with different age, gender, weight, height, smoking and physical exercise habits. Achilles tendon width, length, thickness, cross-sectional area and length were measured using a commercial ultrasound machine with a 9-15 mHz linear-array transducer. Results:The average width, thickness, cross-sectional area and length of the Achilles tendon in male subjects were significantly higher than females. Tendon width, thickness, cross-sectional area and length showed no significant difference between the right and left side. With the exception of the left Achilles tendon thickness, measurements taken for non-smoking subjects were larger than smokers. Achilles tendon measurements of subjects engaged in sportive activities were significantly larger than those with sedentary lifestyle Weight and body mass index were the only anthropometric measurements in correlation with Achilles tendon size. Conclusion:Achilles tendon size varies with age, gender, physical activity and smoking habits. The measurements presented in this study give normal variations of the tendon's morphologic characteristics, which will be of use in clinical diagnosis.

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Asymmetry of Achilles tendon mechanical and morphological properties between both legs

Cited by 59 publications

References 44 publications

Morphometric evaluation of human tendocalcaneus: a cadaveric study of south indian male population

Morphometric evaluation of human tendocalcaneus: a cadaveric study of south indian male population

Sonographic evaluation of the immediate effects of eccentric heel drop exercise on Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius muscle stiffness using shear wave elastography

Effects of physical characteristics, exercise and smoking on morphometry of human Achilles tendon: an ultrasound study

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