Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Stable Top Metal Electrodes Modified with Polyethylenimine

Abstract

Efficient organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) often contain highly reactive low-work-function calcium electron-collecting electrodes. In this work, efficient OPV are demonstrated in which calcium electrodes were avoided by depositing a thin layer of the amine-containing nonconjugated polymer, polyethylenimine (PEIE), between the photoactive organic semiconductor layer and stable metal electrodes such as aluminum, silver, or gold. Devices with structure ITO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly(3-hexylthiophene):indene-C60-bis-adduct (P3HT:ICBA)/PEIE/Al demonstrated overall photovoltaic device performance comparable to devices containing calcium electron-collecting electrodes, ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:ICBA/Ca/Al, with open-circuit voltage of 775±6 mV, short-circuit current density of 9.1±0.5 mA cm(-2), fill factor of 0.65±0.01, and power conversion efficiency of 4.6±0.3%, averaged over 5 devices at 1 sun.

Interface Engineering of Perovskite Hybrid Solar Cells with Solution-Processed Perylene–Diimide Heterojunctions toward High Performance

“…[20][21] More recently, effects on the controlling of the perovskite crystallization process and the interface engineering preventing recombination losses have boosted device 4 efficiencies increased remarkably with a n-i-p heterojunction, and notably lead a recordbreaking efficiency of 19.3% by Yang et al [22] Despite its great success, the fabrication of most efficient perovskite solar cells is generally performed based on employing a high-quality condensed compact metal oxide layers (such as TiO 2 ) which is needed sintered by a high temperature over 400 o C for a long time (1 h). [26][27][28] As demonstrated in organic photovoltaic, the existence of energy barrier would significantly influence built-in potential and charge carrier extraction. As an alternative approach, efficient perovskite solar cells can be also fabricated with a planar p-i-n heterojunction as mentioned above, in which the perovskite layer is sandwiched between a hole-transport layer, PEDOT:PSS and an electrontransport layer, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyricacid methyl (PCBM).…”

Polyethylenimine Aqueous Solution: A Low-Cost and Environmentally Friendly Formulation to Produce Low-Work-Function Electrodes for Efficient Easy-to-Fabricate Organic Solar Cells

“…Previously we have demonstrated polyethylenimine (PEI) is able to substantially reduce the work function of conductors such as metals, metal oxides, conducting polymers and graphene. 6 Later on it has been widely used to produce low-work function electrodes for semiconducting optoelectronics devices, such as organic (or perovsikte) solar cells, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] organic (or inorganic) light emitting diodes, [15][16][17][18][19][20] organic photodetectors, [21][22] and organic (or inorganic) field effect transistors. [23][24][25][26][27] Generally, 2-methoxyethanol (MEA) has been used as the solvent to process the PEI and the modification layer is typically prepared by spin coating method.…”

The effect of introducing antibiotics into organic light-emitting diodes

“…26,28 In addition, Kotagiri et al 29 highlighted the emission properties of ampicillin as an efficient fluorescent agent and the energies of the aggregated molecules with respect to their arrangement could be expressed by Brick theory. 30 So, we chose ampicillin to be incorporated in optoelectronics because materials with such interfacial dipoles, whether utilized as thin films 18,19,31 or in bulk form, 20 has proven to be beneficial for OLED's performance.…”