Biogenic Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles by Seed Plants

Abstract

Nanoparticles have an enormous range of biomedical and environmental applications and can be used for development of various nanodevices for diagnostics and drug delivery. Biogenic production of nanoparticles, that is of silver and gold, by seed plants, especially flowering plants, has evoked considerable interest in the last decade. Different organs of plants as well as callus cultures have been used for the production of these metal nanoparticles. It is possible to regulate the geometry of the nanoparticles by modifying the experimental parameters. In many cases the phytosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles have been demonstrated to be potentially useful for treatment of various diseases. The production of gold and silver nanoparticles by diverse species of seed plants and their biological activity are discussed in this article.

On Recent Developments in Biosynthesis and Application of Au and Ag Nanoparticles from Biological Systems

“…Karimzadeh et al [136] biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Oxalis corniculata. Iyer and Panda [137] studied the formation of gold and silver nanoparticles by seed plants.…”

Controllable Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanostructures Using Biogenic Reagents: A Green Perspective

“…Recent years have witnessed a deluge of interest in the use of plant extracts as green reagents for the synthesis of inorganic nanostructures. − Termed as phytosynthesis, this mode of nanomaterial fabrication presents a safe, practical, and environmentally friendly approach, where the various phytochemicals that exist in plant extracts mediate in the formation and growth of the nanostructured materials. In the phytosynthesis of metal nanostructures, the synthetic protocol generally proceeds as follows.…”

Biosynthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles with Anti-Microbial Activity by Callus Cultures of <I>Michelia champaca</I> L.

“…Though nanoparticle production has been reported from various plant parts, mainly leaves the studies with flowers are very few. 10 Gold nanoparticle production has been reported in flowers from relatively few species including Rosa hybrida, 27 Gnidia 28 and Nyctanthes. 29 There are also very few reports of biosynthesis of both AuNPs and AgNPs from the same species.…”

“…8 Environmentally benign and non-toxic approaches are necessary for the fabrication of biocompatible nanoparticles. Biological methods using microbes 9 and plants 10 are more effective, inexpensive, environment-friendly alternatives to physical and chemical methods for high yield of bio-compatible nanoparticles with a wide range of applications. 11 Compared to microbes, with plant extracts which are rich in biomolecules that can act as both bio-reductants and non-toxic stabilizers 12 much faster synthesis of more stable nanoparticles can be achieved.…”

“…Consequently, it is suitable for diverse biomedical applications including control of multi-drug resistant pathogens. With plant systems it is potentially possible to achieve large-scale synthesis of nanoparticles of controlled shape and dimensions, 11 10 Most studies on nanoparticles have used boiled leaf extracts. Utilization of callus extracts as bio-resources for the production of silver nanoparticles was first reported in papaya.…”