Characterization and transcription studies of a phytochelatin synthase gene from the solitary tunicate Ciona intestinalis exposed to cadmium

Franchi, Nicola; Piccinni, E.; Ferro, Diana; Basso, Giuseppe; Spolaore, Barbara; Santovito, Gianfranco; Ballarin, Loriano

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.019

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Studies on metal pollution which have not analysed PCs may turn out to give an incomplete picture . Indeed, recent studies have shown direct responses of PCs to metal(loid) ions in animal species from additional phyla, including earthworms (Annelida) and sea squirts (Chordata) (Franchi et al, 2014;Liebeke et al, 2013). This, again, highlights the potential significance of PCs in the context of environmental pollution research, as they are found in phyla with members from the terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Sub-lethal cadmium exposure increases phytochelatin concentrations in the aquatic snail Lymnaea stagnalis

Gonçalves

Davies

Bennett

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Phytochelatins are metal-binding metabolites found in almost all plant species and some animal groups, including nematodes and annelids, where they can play an important role in detoxifying metals such as cadmium. Species from several other taxa contain a phytochelatin synthase (PCS) gene orthologue, including molluscs, indicating they may have the potential to synthesize phytochelatins. However, the presence of a gene alone does not demonstrate that it plays a functional role in metal detoxification. In the present study, we show that the aquatic snail Lymnaea stagnalis produced both penta-and heptapeptide phytochelatins (i.e. phytochelatin-2 and phytochelatin-3), and their levels increased in response to sub-lethal levels of cadmium. detoxification. In the present study, we show that the aquatic snail Lymnaea stagnalis 30 produced both penta-and heptapeptide phytochelatins (i.e. phytochelatin-2 and 31 phytochelatin-3), and their levels increased in response to sub-lethal levels of 32 cadmium. 33 34

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Sub-lethal cadmium exposure increases phytochelatin concentrations in the aquatic snail Lymnaea stagnalis

Gonçalves

Davies

Bennett

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…They are also constitutively expressed in basically all cases investigated, which include organisms as diverse as the parasitic nematode Schistosoma mansoni (Ray & Williams ), the tunicate Ciona intestinalis (Franchi et al . ), liverworts (Petraglia et al . ) and A. thaliana (Vatamaniuk et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCS genes are not only widely distributed in nature. They are also constitutively expressed in basically all cases investigated, which include organisms as diverse as the parasitic nematode Schistosoma mansoni (Ray & Williams 2011), the tunicate Ciona intestinalis (Franchi et al 2014), liverworts (Petraglia et al 2014) and A. thaliana (Vatamaniuk et al 2000). Both the widespread occurrence and the constitutive expression in all organs and developmental stages of the analysed species raised the question as to whether PCS have functions other than mediating the sequestration of nonessential metals, which most cells would hardly ever if at all be exposed to (Rea et al 2004;Clemens 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Caenorhabditis elegans PCS in the AtPCS1‐deficient Arabidopsis thaliana cad1‐3 mutant separates the metal tolerance and non‐host resistance functions of phytochelatin synthases

Kühnlenz

Westphal

Schmidt

et al. 2015

Plant Cell & Environment

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Phytochelatin synthases (PCS) play key roles in plant metal tolerance. They synthesize small metal-binding peptides, phytochelatins, under conditions of metal excess. Respective mutants are strongly cadmium and arsenic hypersensitive. However, their ubiquitous presence and constitutive expression had long suggested a more general function of PCS besides metal detoxification. Indeed, phytochelatin synthase1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPCS1) was later implicated in non-host resistance. The two different physiological functions may be attributable to the two distinct catalytic activities demonstrated for AtPCS1, that is the dipeptidyl transfer onto an acceptor molecule in phytochelatin synthesis, and the proteolytic deglycylation of glutathione conjugates. In order to test this hypothesis and to possibly separate the two biological roles, we expressed a phylogenetically distant PCS from Caenorhabditis elegans in an AtPCS1 mutant. We confirmed the involvement of AtPCS1 in non-host resistance by showing that plants lacking the functional gene develop a strong cell death phenotype when inoculated with the potato pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Furthermore, we found that the C. elegans gene rescues phytochelatin synthesis and cadmium tolerance, but not the defect in non-host resistance. This strongly suggests that the second enzymatic function of AtPCS1, which remains to be defined in detail, is underlying the plant immunity function.

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“…The mechanism mainly consists of chelating polypeptides that immobilize metal ions inside the cell. Two kinds of plant metal-chelating peptides have been reported: enzymatically synthesized phytochelatins (PCs), and gene-encoded MTs [25][26]. PCs are a kind of molecule with multiple repetitions of the Glu-Cys dipeptide units followed by a terminal Gly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Cloning, Protein Expression and Functional Analysis of a type 3 Metallothionein with Bioaccumulation Potential from Sonneratia alba

Niu¹,

Li²,

Yi³

et al. 2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Sonneratia alba (S. alba) is a mangrove species grown in brackish water of tropical and subtropical regions. Due to its unique environment, it has evolved various mechanisms for modulating salt and metal levels. In order to find the genes connected with bioaccumulation of metals, the root transcriptome annotation of Sonneratia alba was analyzed and a new metallothionein (MT) gene was cloned. Sequence analysis found that the new MT gene belongs to type 3 MT, which is mostly expressed in roots. A simple and efficient method was used to express the type 3 MT of S. alba (SaMT3) by transforming the recombinant expression vector pET15b-SaMT3 into Escherichia coli (E. coli) Rosetta-gami and induction with the optimal conditions of 500 μM Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) at 24ºC for 12 h. OD 600

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Characterization and transcription studies of a phytochelatin synthase gene from the solitary tunicate Ciona intestinalis exposed to cadmium

Cited by 38 publications

References 46 publications

Sub-lethal cadmium exposure increases phytochelatin concentrations in the aquatic snail Lymnaea stagnalis

Sub-lethal cadmium exposure increases phytochelatin concentrations in the aquatic snail Lymnaea stagnalis

Expression of Caenorhabditis elegans PCS in the AtPCS1‐deficient Arabidopsis thaliana cad1‐3 mutant separates the metal tolerance and non‐host resistance functions of phytochelatin synthases

Gene Cloning, Protein Expression and Functional Analysis of a type 3 Metallothionein with Bioaccumulation Potential from Sonneratia alba

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