Temporal changes in human skeletal muscle and blood lipid composition with fish oil supplementation

McGlory, Chris; Galloway, Stuart D. R.; Hamilton, D. Lee; McClintock, Craig; Breen, Leigh; Dick, James R.; Bell, J. Gordon; Tipton, Kevin D.

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2014.03.001

Cited by 103 publications

(139 citation statements)

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“…Consistent with this theory, in the present study we report a greater percentage contribution of n-3PUFA in whole blood (Figure 2) and an attenuated increase in serum CK concentrations ( Figure 6) during eccentric exercise recovery when fish oil was added to the multi-nutrient supplement. Given that the incorporation of n-3PUFA into red bloods cells with fish oil supplementation follows a similar, albeit earlier, time course as profiled in skeletal muscle (McGlory et al, 2014), the attenuated CK response reported in the present "Adding Fish Oil to Whey Protein, Leucine and Carbohydrate Over a 6 Week Supplementation Period Attenuates Muscle Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise in Competitive Soccer Players" by Philpott JD et al International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism © 2017 Human Kinetics, Inc. study implies an enhanced maintenance of cell membrane integrity when n-3PUFA was added to a multi-ingredient beverage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Based on their performance on the YoYo Intermittent Endurance Test Level 2, participants were assigned to one of three supplementation conditions; fish oil plus whey protein, leucine and carbohydrate (FO), a whey protein, leucine, carbohydrate placebo (PRO) or a carbohydrate only placebo (CHO). We previously demonstrated that as little as 2 wk of n-3PUFA supplementation (4.5g/day) significantly increased muscle lipid composition and that this response was further enhanced after 4 wk of supplementation (McGlory et al, 2014). Therefore, to elicit a pronounced increase in muscle lipid composition, in the present study we implemented a 6 wk n-3PUFA supplementation period.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Given the antiinflammatory properties of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) (DiLorenzo et al, 2014), an alternative nutritional strategy is dietary supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3PUFA (Gray et al, 2014). Moreover, the propensity for n-3PUFA to be directly incorporated into the phospholipid membrane of skeletal muscle (McGlory et al, 2014) and thus preserve cell membrane integrity provides additional rationale for a role of fish oil ingestion in recovery from eccentric exercise recovery. However, studies investigating the influence of n-3PUFA supplementation per se on recovery from eccentric-based exercise have reported mixed results (Corder et al, 2016;Gray et al, 2014) that are likely attributed to differences in dose, duration and timing of n-3PUFA intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adding Fish Oil to Whey Protein, Leucine, and Carbohydrate Over a Six-Week Supplementation Period Attenuates Muscle Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise in Competitive Soccer Players

Philpott

Donnelly

Walshe

et al. 2018

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Soccer players often experience eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage given the physical demands of soccer match-play. Since long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) enhance muscle sensitivity to protein supplementation, dietary supplementation with a combination of fish oil-derived n-3PUFA, protein and carbohydrate may promote exercise recovery. This study examined the influence of adding n-3PUFA to a whey protein, leucine and carbohydrate containing beverage over a 6 week supplementation period on physiological markers of recovery measured over 3 days following eccentric exercise. Competitive soccer players were assigned to one of three conditions (2 × 200mL): FO (n=10) contained n-3PUFA (1100mg DHA/EPA -approx. 550mg DHA, 550mg EPA), whey protein (15g), leucine (1.8g) and carbohydrate (20g); PRO (n=10) contained whey protein (15g), leucine (1.8g) and carbohydrate (20g) and CHO (n=10) contained carbohydrate (24g). Eccentric exercise consisted of unilateral knee extension/flexion contractions on both legs separately. Maximal force production was impaired by 22% during the 72 hour recovery period following eccentric exercise (p<0.05). Muscle soreness, expressed as AUC during 72 hour recovery, was less in FO (1948±1091 mm×72 h) than PRO (4640±2654 mm×72h, p<0.05) and CHO (4495±1853 mm×72h p=0.10). Blood concentrations of creatine kinase, expressed as AUC, were ~60% lower in FO compared to CHO (p<0.05) and tended to be lower (~39%, p = 0.07) than PRO.No differences in muscle function, soccer performance or blood c-reactive protein concentrations were observed between groups. In conclusion, the addition of n-3PUFA to a beverage containing whey protein, leucine and carbohydrate ameliorates the increase in muscle soreness and blood concentrations of creatine kinase following eccentric exercise in competitive soccer players.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adding Fish Oil to Whey Protein, Leucine, and Carbohydrate Over a Six-Week Supplementation Period Attenuates Muscle Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise in Competitive Soccer Players

Philpott

Donnelly

Walshe

et al. 2018

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…Recently, we demonstrated that as little as 2 wk of supplementation with n-3 FA (4.5 g/day) was sufficient to significantly alter muscle lipid composition, and induce changes in key regulatory signalling proteins such as focal adhesion kinase protein content, and protein kinase B activity (McGlory et al, 2014). Further examination of the acute muscle protein synthesis (MPS) response to an exercise stimulus and/or protein feeding revealed no statistical difference between n-3 FA supplemented or placebo groups, but interestingly a similar MPS response was observed concomitant with a suppressed activity of several key "n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation During 4 Weeks of Training Leads to Improved Anaerobic Endurance Capacity, But Not Maximal Strength, Speed, or Power in Soccer Players" by Gravina L et al International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism © 2017 Human Kinetics, Inc. anabolic signalling proteins such as p70 s6 kinase (McGlory et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since a higher dose of n-3 FA supplementation over 4 wk (McGlory et al, 2014) leads to changes in the lipid composition of the skeletal muscle lipid pool comparable to a lower dose ingested over a more prolonged period (Smith et al, 2011b), we chose to supplement with a high dose of 0.1g/kg/day. We aimed to clarify the potential impact of n-3 FA supplementation on adaptations in strength, speed, power and anaerobic endurance capacity after a 4 wk training period in competitive soccer players.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation During 4 Weeks of Training Leads to Improved Anaerobic Endurance Capacity, but not Maximal Strength, Speed, or Power in Soccer Players

Gravina¹,

Brown²,

Alexander³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) supplementation could promote adaptation to soccer-specific training. We examined the impact of a 4 wk period of n-3 FA supplementation during training on adaptations in 1RM knee extensor strength, 20m sprint speed, vertical jump power, and anaerobic endurance capacity (Yo-Yo test) in competitive soccer players. Twenty six soccer players were randomly assigned to one of two groups: n-3 FA supplementation (n-3 FA; n=13) or placebo (n=13). Both groups performed two experimental trial days. Assessments of physical function and respiratory function were conducted pre (PRE) and post (POST) supplementation. Training session intensity, competitive games and nutritional intake were monitored during the 4 wk period. No differences were observed in respiratory measurements (FEV1, FVC) between groups. No main effect of treatment was observed for 1RM knee extensor strength, explosive leg power, or 20 m sprint performance, but strength improved as a result of the training period in both groups (p<0.05). Yo-Yo test distance improved with training in the n-3 FA group only (p<0.01). The mean difference (95% CI) in YoYo test distance completed from PRE to POST was 203 (66 to 340) m for n-3 FA, and 62 (-94 to 217) m for placebo, with a moderate effect size (Cohen's d of 0.52). We conclude that 4 wk of n-3 FA supplementation does not improve strength, power or speed assessments in competitive soccer players. However, the increase in anaerobic endurance capacity evident only in the n-3 FA treatment group suggests an interaction that requires further study.

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Very long chain omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acids and human health

Calder

2014

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

229

186

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Omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acids are a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that contribute to human health and well‐being. Functionally the most important n‐3 fatty acids appear to be eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoioc acid (DHA), but roles for n‐3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) are now emerging. Intakes of EPA and DHA are usually low, typically below recommended intakes. Increased intakes are reflected in greater incorporation into blood lipid, cell and tissue pools. Increased content of EPA and DHA modifies the structure of cell membranes and the function of membrane proteins involved as receptors, signaling proteins, transporters, and enzymes. EPA and DHA modify the production of lipid mediators and through effects on cell signaling can alter patterns of gene expression. Through these actions EPA and DHA alter cell and tissue responsiveness in a manner that seems to result in more optimal conditions for growth, development, and maintenance of health. The effects of n‐3 fatty acids are evident right through the life course, meaning that there is a need for all sectors of the population to have a sufficient intake of these important nutrients. EPA and DHA have a wide range of physiological roles which are linked to certain health or clinical benefits. Practical application: Very long chain omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acids are found in seafood, especially fatty fish, and in supplements. They exert a range of health benefits as a result of their molecular, cellular and physiological actions. Consequently, very long chain n‐3 fatty acids play important roles in growth, development, optimal function, and maintenance of health and well‐being right across the life course. Therefore, all sectors of the population need to ensure sufficient intake of these important nutrients. This can be achieved through eating fatty fish or, failing that, use of good quality supplements. General overview of the mechanisms by which very long chain n‐3 fatty acids can influence the function of cells.

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Temporal changes in human skeletal muscle and blood lipid composition with fish oil supplementation

Cited by 103 publications

References 25 publications

Adding Fish Oil to Whey Protein, Leucine, and Carbohydrate Over a Six-Week Supplementation Period Attenuates Muscle Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise in Competitive Soccer Players

Adding Fish Oil to Whey Protein, Leucine, and Carbohydrate Over a Six-Week Supplementation Period Attenuates Muscle Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise in Competitive Soccer Players

n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation During 4 Weeks of Training Leads to Improved Anaerobic Endurance Capacity, but not Maximal Strength, Speed, or Power in Soccer Players

Very long chain omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acids and human health

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