Effect of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine methionine and substance <scp>P</scp> on human major salivary gland secretion

Fiacco, M. Del; Quartu, Marina; Ekström, Jørgen; Melis, Tiziana; Boi, Marianna; Isola, Michela; Loy, Francesco; Serra, Maria Pina

doi:10.1111/odi.12249

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…The present study shows that melatonin is located in the secretory granules of the acinar serous cells of the rat parotid gland and therefore is likely to be released by exocytosis into the lumen, as a consequence of the mobilization of the major regulated secretory pathway (Castle & Castle, 1996). Exocytosis by the b-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoprenaline, is a well known phenomenon in salivary glands, having been demonstrated not only in rodents (Amsterdam et al 1969;Peter et al 1995) but also in humans (Testa Riva et al 2006;Del Fiacco et al 2015). The present findings thus suggest a role for sympathetic activity, by badrenergic receptors, in the secretion of melatonin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Scale bar: 1 lm. the co-transmitter of acetylcholine, vasoactive intestinal peptide, evoke exocytosis, demonstrating a regulatory role in this process for parasympathetic transmitters in both animals (Ekstr€ om et al 1994;Ekstr€ om & Ekstr€ om, 2001;Ekstr€ om, 2002) and humans (Del Fiacco et al 2015). In agreement with the exocytotic responses to autonomimetics, animal experiments show varying degrees of acinar granule depletion in response to the electrical stimulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations (Garrett & Thulin, 1975;Ekstr€ om et al 1994Ekstr€ om et al , 1996.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Melatonin release by exocytosis in the rat parotid gland

et al. 2018

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Several beneficial effects on oral health are ascribed to melatonin. Due to its lipophilic nature, non-proteinbound circulating melatonin is usually thought to enter the saliva by passive diffusion through salivary acinar gland cells. Recently, however, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), melatonin was found in acinar secretory granules of human salivary glands. To test the hypothesis that granular located melatonin is actively discharged into the saliva by exocytosis, i.e. contrary to the general belief, the b-adrenergic receptor agonist isoprenaline, which causes the degranulation of acinar parotid serous cells, was administered to anaesthetised rats. Sixty minutes after an intravenous bolus injection of isoprenaline (5 mg kg À1 ), the right parotid gland was removed; pre-administration, the left control gland had been removed. Samples were processed to demonstrate melatonin reactivity using the immunogold staining method. Morphometric assessment was made using TEM. Gold particles labelling melatonin appeared to be preferentially associated with secretory granules, occurring in their matrix and at membrane level but, notably, it was also associated with vesicles, mitochondria and nuclei. Twenty-six per cent of the total granular population (per 100 lm 2 per cell area) displayed melatonin labelling in the matrix; three-quarters of this fraction disappeared (P < 0.01) in response to isoprenaline, and melatonin reactivity appeared in dilated lumina. Thus, evidence is provided of an alternative route for melatonin to reach the gland lumen and the oral cavity by active release through exocytosis, a process which is under the influence of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous activity and is the final event along the so-called regulated secretory pathway. During its stay in granules, anti-oxidant melatonin may protect their protein/peptide constituents from damage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Melatonin release by exocytosis in the rat parotid gland

et al. 2018

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“…Beside the traditional transmitters of the parasympathetic and sympathetic postganglionic nerves, acetylcholine and noradrenaline, respectively, a number of co‐transmitters may occur in cholinergic and adrenergic axons, of which some induce secretion themselves or potentiate the effects of the classical transmitters . Particular attention has been paid to the parasympathetic innervation and a number of neuropeptides as potential co‐transmitters, one of which is vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), causing secretion of proteins but only a small fluid secretion, if any, and moreover, vasodilatation …”

Section: Neural Regulation Of Salivary Secretion and The Secretory Elmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary secretion in health and disease

Pedersen

Sørensen

Proctor

et al. 2018

J of Oral Rehabilitation

329

306

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Saliva is a complex fluid produced by 3 pairs of major salivary glands and by hundreds of minor salivary glands. It comprises a large variety of constituents and physicochemical properties, which are important for the maintenance of oral health. Saliva not only protects the teeth and the oropharyngeal mucosa, it also facilitates articulation of speech, and is imperative for mastication and swallowing. Furthermore, saliva plays an important role in maintaining a balanced microbiota. Thus, the multiple functions provided by saliva are essential for proper protection and functioning of the body as a whole and for the general health. A large number of diseases and medications can affect salivary secretion through different mechanisms, leading to salivary gland dysfunction and associated oral problems, including xerostomia, dental caries and fungal infections. The first part of this review article provides an updated insight into our understanding of salivary gland structure, the neural regulation of salivary gland secretion, the mechanisms underlying the formation of saliva, the various functions of saliva and factors that influence salivary secretion under normal physiological conditions. The second part focuses on how various diseases and medical treatment including commonly prescribed medications and cancer therapies can affect salivary gland structure and function. We also provide a brief insight into how to diagnose salivary gland dysfunction.

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“…Furthermore, Del Fiacco et al (2014) have revealed that besides VIP-positive axons, also PHM-immunoreactive nerve terminals found in close proximity to acini and ducts are relatively abundant in the human MGl. Therefore, in humans these peptides may play a more active part in the regulation of the secretion of saliva in the mucous acini than in the serous acini.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated in a variety of species including the rat, mouse, cat, ferret and humans that nerve fibres innervating the MGl may contain biologically active substances, including vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT; cholinergic marker), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), VIPrelated peptide histidine methionine (PHM), neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM), galanin (GAL), Met5-enkephalin (Met-ENK), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (Soinila et al 1989;Tobin et al 1990;Shida et al 1991;Hauser-Kronberger et al 1992;Lohinai et al 1995;Tobin et al 1995;Alm et al 1997;Jia et al 1997;Kusakabe et al 1997;Takai et al 1999;Del Fiacco et al 2014). Although relatively much is known about the innervation of the MGl, it should be emphasised that the studies mentioned above have mostly focused on laboratory mammals and humans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical characterisation of neurons in the mandibular ganglion and nerve fibres supplying the porcine mandibular gland

Klimczuk¹,

Podlasz²,

Sienkiewicz³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The present study was designed to investigate the chemical coding of neurons in the mandibular ganglion (MGn) and nerve fibres supplying the porcine mandibular gland (MGl) with the use of immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. The cryostat sections from MGn and MGl were processed for double-labelling immunohistochemistry using antisera against vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), galanin (GAL), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The MGl was found to be richly supplied by VAChT-positive nerve fibres that surrounded intra-and interlobular salivary ducts. A large number of VAChT-immunoreactive (VAChT-IR) nerve terminals were also observed around acini. Many periductal and periacinar nerve fibres stained positive for DβH. Immunoreactivity to GAL, NPY or VIP was observed in an intermediate number of nerve terminals which were associated with both salivary ducts and acini. Double-immunostaining revealed that in MGn nearly all neurons stained positive for VAChT/ChAT (98.45 ± 0.59%, mean ± SEM) and nNOS (99.71 ± 0.18%). An intermediate number of the nerve cell bodies displayed immunoreactivity to NPY or VIP (18.67 ± 0.52% and 8.11 ± 0.36%, respectively). Single GAL-IR and CGRP-positive neurons were also observed. RT-PCR revealed the presence of transcripts of ChAT, VAChT, nNOS, NPY, VIP and GAL. For SP and DβH very weak signals were observed. RT-PCR with primers targeting CGRP did not generate any PCR product.

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Effect of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine methionine and substance P on human major salivary gland secretion

Abstract: Vasoactive intestinal peptide and PHM, but not SP, are likely transmitters in the parasympathetic control of salivary (protein) secretion in humans.

Cited by 16 publications

References 63 publications

Melatonin release by exocytosis in the rat parotid gland

Melatonin release by exocytosis in the rat parotid gland

Salivary secretion in health and disease

Immunohistochemical characterisation of neurons in the mandibular ganglion and nerve fibres supplying the porcine mandibular gland

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