Circulating prolactin and breast cancer risk among pre- and postmenopausal women in the EPIC cohort

Tikk, Kaja; Sookthai, Disorn; Johnson, Theron; Rinaldi, Sabina; Romieu, Isabelle; Tjønneland, Anne; Olsen, Anja; Overvad, Kim; Clavel‐Chapelon, Françoise; Baglietto, Laura; Boeing, Heiner; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Λάγιου, Παγώνα; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Palli, Domenico; Pala, Valeria; Tumino, Rosario; Rosso, Stefano; Panico, Salvatore; Agudo, Antonio; Menéndez, Virginia; Sánchez, María‐José; Amiano, Pilar; Huerta, José María; Ardanáz, Eva; Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. Bas; Monninkhof, Evelyn M.; Onland‐Moret, N. Charlotte; Andersson, Anne; Sund, Malin; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Khaw, Kay Tee; Key, Timothy J.; Travis, Ruth C.; Gunter, Marc J.; Riboli, Elio; Dossus, Laure; Kaaks, Rudolf

doi:10.1093/annonc/mdu150

Cited by 65 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Women with a latent or manifest hypothyroidism suffer often from mastodynia [41][42][43] and are often hyperprolactinemic [44], a phenomenon which is easily explainable: In an attempt to stimulate the thyroid function the hypothalamus releases high amounts of thyroid hormone releasing hormone (TRH) which is also stimulatory to prolactin release.…”

Section: Fibrocystic Mastopathy (Fcm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual mastodynia, fibrocystic mastopathy and infertility have often common roots: effects of extracts of chasteberry (Vitex agnus castus) as a solution

Seidlová-Wuttke¹,

Wuttke²

2017

Clin Phytosci

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The dried fruits of the chaste tree Vitex agnus castus (VAC) were traditionally used by monks as a substitute for pepper and was therefore also called Monk's pepper. For the last 50 years it is commercially provided for the treatment of premenstrual symptoms, particularly to prevent premenstrual mastodynia (mastalgia). Most studies were performed with the preparation containing an aqueous/ethanolic ectract BNO 1095. A number of placebo controlled studies gave proof that extracts of VAC had beneficial effects on premenstrual breast pain. This breast sensation is induced by latent hyperprolactinemia which is characterized by secretory episodes of prolactin release by the pituitary in response to stress and deep sleep phases. This latent hyperprolactinemia induces also often a corpus luteum insufficiency which is a common reason for infertilty. It is well accepted that prolactin release can be reduced by dopamine and dopaminergic drugs. The efficacy of VAC extracts to ameliorate prolactin induced premenstrual mastodynia was therefore suggestive that VAC may contain dopaminergic compounds. Indeed, a number of diterpenes were identified that bound to recombinant Dopamine receptors of the 2 subtype (D2 receptors) which are present in pituitary lactotropes and which mediate the inhibitory effects of dopamine and dopaminergic drugs on pituitary prolactin release. Consequently, prolactin release in vitro from dispersed pituitary cells and in vivo in rats and postmenopausal women was inhibited by VAC 1095. Placebo controlled studies proved also the efficacy of VAC extracts to ameliorate premenstrual symptoms. In several placebo-controlled studies a clear relation between reduction of breast pain and reduction of serum prolactin levels could be established. In addition VAC extracts was also highly effective in women suffering from fibrocystic mastopathy. In many of these women serum prolactin levels were also elevated and reduced by VAC extracts. The results from all trials suggested that VAC extracts ameliorated premenstrual symptoms including mastodynia, premenstrual dysphoric disorder and latent hyperprolactinemia. Cystic mastopathy and sterility due to corpus luteum insufficiencies were also beneficially influenced. Adverse events with VAC were mild and generally infrequent.

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Section: Fibrocystic Mastopathy (Fcm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual mastodynia, fibrocystic mastopathy and infertility have often common roots: effects of extracts of chasteberry (Vitex agnus castus) as a solution

Seidlová-Wuttke¹,

Wuttke²

2017

Clin Phytosci

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“…There have been some extensive investigations using large prospective cohorts to assess the risk of primary breast cancer in women with high levels of circulating PRL (Tworoger et al 2013, Tikk et al 2014. In the Nurses Heath Study, it was found that PRL levels measured less than 10 years before diagnosis (2468 cases and 4021 controls), as opposed to greater than 10 years (953 cases and 1339 controls), was associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk (relative risk (RR), >15.7 vs ≤8.1 ng/mL (i.e., top vs bottom quartiles) = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03-1.40;…”

Section: Prl and The Risk Of Breast Cancer And Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The link of PRL levels to invasive breast cancer risk (Tworoger et al 2013, Tikk et al 2014) implies a connection to primary tumor initiation and also to metastatic capacity. PRL and the long form of the PRLR also contribute to the metastatic process (Yonezawa et al 2015).…”

Section: Key Factors Influencing Prlr Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin receptor in breast cancer: marker for metastatic risk

Shemanko

2016

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Prolactin and prolactin receptor signaling and function are complex in nature and intricate in function. Basic, pre-clinical and translational research has opened up our eyes to the understanding that prolactin and prolactin receptor signaling function differently within different cellular contexts and microenvironmental conditions. Its multiple roles in normal physiology are subverted in cancer initiation and progression, and gradually we are teasing out the intricacies of function and therapeutic value. Recently, we observed that prolactin has a role in accelerating the time to bone metastasis in breast cancer patients and identified the mechanism by which prolactin stimulated breast cancer cellmediated lytic osteoclast formation. The possibility that the prolactin receptor is a marker for metastasis, and specifically bone metastasis, is one that may have to be put into the context of the different variants of prolactin, different prolactin receptor isoforms and intricate signaling pathways that are regulated by the microenvironment. The more complete the picture, the better one can test biomarker identity and design clinical trials to test therapeutic intervention. This review will cover the recent advances and highlight the complexity of prolactin receptor biology.

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“…The mechanisms behind prolactin surges are poorly understood but it has been proposed that in addition to the direct action of steroids on the lactotrophs, steroid-induced reduced dopaminergic activity likely also increases prolactin release (28,33). Recent prospective studies show that higher circulating prolactin levels are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women (3)(4)(5). Given the relatively large number of women with history of hormone therapy use and the association of prediagnostic prolactin levels with subsequent breast cancer risk more pronounced among women using hormone therapy (5), the current study has an importance also from a clinical perspective.…”

Section: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11) November 2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent epidemiologic data suggest that higher circulating prolactin levels are associated with increased risk of breast cancer (3)(4)(5), and several potential breast cancer risk factors have been examined in relation to circulating prolactin levels (6)(7)(8)(9), although these latter results are inconsistent. Regarding reproductive factors, it is well known that women who have experienced a full-term pregnancy (FTP) have lower levels of prolactin compared with women who have not been pregnant (6,10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin Determinants in Healthy Women: A Large Cross-Sectional Study within the EPIC Cohort

Tikk

Sookthai

Johnson

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Experimental and epidemiologic data suggest that higher circulating prolactin is associated with breast cancer risk; however, how various risk factors for breast cancer influence prolactin levels in healthy women is not clear.Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional associations between several suggested reproductive and lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer and circulating prolactin among pre-and postmenopausal women, taking into account the use of current postmenopausal hormone therapy, among 2,560 controls from a breast cancer nested case-control study within the EPIC cohort.Results: Adjusted geometric mean prolactin levels were significantly higher among premenopausal women, and among postmenopausal women using hormone therapy compared with nonusers (8.2, 7.0, and 6.3 ng/mL, respectively; P cat ¼ <0.0001). Furthermore, prolactin levels were significantly higher among users of combined estrogen-progestin hormone therapy compared with users of estrogen-alone hormone therapy (6.66 vs. 5.90 ng/mL; P cat ¼ 0.001). Prolactin levels were lower among parous women compared with nulliparous women (8.61 vs. 10.95 ng/mL; P cat ¼ 0.0002, premenopausal women); the magnitude of this difference depended on the number of full-term pregnancies (22.1% lower, !3 vs. 1 pregnancy, P trend ¼ 0.01). Results for parity were similar but lower in magnitude among postmenopausal women. Prolactin did not vary by other studied factors, with the exception of lower levels among postmenopausal smokers compared with never smokers.Conclusions: Our study shows that current hormone therapy use, especially the use of combined hormone therapy, is associated with higher circulating prolactin levels in postmenopausal women, and confirms prior findings of lower circulating prolactin in parous women.Impact: Our study extends the knowledge linking various breast cancer risk factors with circulating prolactin. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2532-42. Ó2014 AACR.

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Circulating prolactin and breast cancer risk among pre- and postmenopausal women in the EPIC cohort

Cited by 65 publications

References 14 publications

The premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual mastodynia, fibrocystic mastopathy and infertility have often common roots: effects of extracts of chasteberry (Vitex agnus castus) as a solution

The premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual mastodynia, fibrocystic mastopathy and infertility have often common roots: effects of extracts of chasteberry (Vitex agnus castus) as a solution

Prolactin receptor in breast cancer: marker for metastatic risk

Prolactin Determinants in Healthy Women: A Large Cross-Sectional Study within the EPIC Cohort

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