Evaluation of cellular and humoral systemic immune response against Giardia duodenalis infection in cattle

Grit, Grietje; Coppernolle, Stefanie Van; Devriendt, Bert; Geurden, Thomas; Dreesen, Leentje; Hope, Jayne; Vercruysse, Jozef; Cox, Eric; Geldhof, Peter; Claerebout, Edwin

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.03.012

Cited by 21 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The higher levels of this cytokine could mean that SSA may also elicit a regulatory response in addition to inflammatory responses. Regulatory responses to Giardia have also been found in calves with current infections (20), where FoxP3 was significantly elevated. Regulatory responses may play an important role in giardiasis, and this may account for the negative association between Giardia infection and acute diarrhea seen in children in recent studies in countries where giardiasis is endemic (33,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…IL-17A was also found to be upregulated in another mouse study, where IL-17A and its receptor were important for defense against and eradication of the parasite and needed for the transport of IgA into the lumen of the intestines (19). Likewise, IL-17A upregulation, in addition to increased FoxP3 mRNA levels, was found in proliferating CD4 ϩ T cells from calves infected with G. lamblia (20). On the basis of these three findings, IL-17A may be linked to protection and perhaps memory responses to Giardia.…”

Section: Decreased or Nonexistent Cd4mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The EM CD4 ϩ T cell population was shown to be a significant source of IL-17A production in previously Giardia-exposed individuals, in contrast to controls. Recently, IL-17A was also shown to be associated with current Giardia infection in animal studies (18)(19)(20). In the first study, IL-17A was suggested to affect mice's capability to clear Giardia infection (18), and mice lacking the IL-17A receptor in their intestines have higher numbers of Giardia cysts in feces than do control mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study where calves infected with Giardia were investigated, upregulation of IL-17A was found to originate from CD4 ϩ T cells (20), providing evidence that these cells are important in protecting cattle against Giardia infection. Whether IL-17A has a protective role in human Giardia infection has to be investigated further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Memory CD4 ⁺ T Cell Immune Responses against Giardia lamblia

Saghaug

Sørnes

Peirasmaki

et al. 2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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؉ EM T cells, as well as that of cells simultaneously producing both IL-17A and TNF-␣, to be significantly elevated in the Giardia-exposed individuals after 24 h of antigen stimulation. In supernatants of PBMCs stimulated with Giardia antigens for 6 days, we found inflammation-associated cytokines, including 1L-17A, as well as CD4 ؉ T cell activation and proliferation, to be significantly elevated in the Giardia-exposed individuals. We conclude that symptomatic Giardia infection in humans induces a CD4 ؉ EM T cell response of which IL-17A production seems to be an important component.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Decreased or Nonexistent Cd4mentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Human Memory CD4 ⁺ T Cell Immune Responses against Giardia lamblia

Saghaug

Sørnes

Peirasmaki

et al. 2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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show abstract

“…The IL-17A mRNA level is elevated in the guts of cattle and mice infected with Giardia, and mice lacking IL-17A exhibit a severe defect in controlling infections with either Giardia muris or G. duodenalis (43)(44)(45). Moreover, IL-17A memory T cell responses correlated with more rapid elimination of infections in a cohort of travelers with giardiasis (46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Complement Activation by Giardia duodenalis Parasites through the Lectin Pathway Contributes to Mast Cell Responses and Parasite Control

Tako

Singer

2016

Infect Immun

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Infection with Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common causes of diarrheal disease in the world. While numerous studies have identified important contributions of adaptive immune responses to parasite control, much less work has examined innate immunity and its connections to the adaptive response during this infection. We explored the role of complement in immunity to Giardia using mice deficient in mannose-binding lectin (Mbl2) or complement factor 3a receptor (C3aR). Both strains exhibited delayed clearance of parasites and a reduced ability to recruit mast cells in the intestinal submucosa. C3aR-deficient mice had normal production of antiparasite IgA, but ex vivo T cell recall responses were impaired. These data suggest that complement is a key factor in the innate recognition of Giardia and that recruitment of mast cells and activation of T cell immunity through C3a are important for parasite control. Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common protozoan infections of humans as well as other mammals throughout the world and is a leading cause of diarrheal disease in these species (1-3). Symptomatic infections occur in ϳ20 to 80% of humans with positive stool samples and are characterized by nausea, vomiting, epigastric pains, and diarrhea (1, 2, 4, 5). These symptoms are associated with nutrient malabsorption and can lead to weight loss and malnutrition in children, exposing this vulnerable group to failure to thrive and developmental problems (6, 7). Disease resolves spontaneously in Ͼ85% of cases. In certain cases, in spite of a healthy and fully developed immune system, the acute phase of the disease develops into chronic disease. In these cases, symptoms of the disease will reappear for short and recurrent periods (3,4,8). The mechanisms explaining interactions between the host and the parasite leading to parasite clearance and disease pathogenesis are poorly understood.Studies of immune responses against Giardia have demonstrated important roles for both innate and adaptive immunity (7, 9). Antibody production following infection is robust, and IgA is very effective at eliminating parasites (9). Antibody-independent roles of T cells can also eliminate infections (10). Early studies indicated that Giardia trophozoites are susceptible to killing by factors in nonimmune human serum, milk, and intestinal fluid (11-13). Recently, killing by normal serum was demonstrated to involve the lectin pathway (14), consistent with the expression of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) on the surface of trophozoites (15,16). Studies of cells of the innate immune system indicate that macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and intestinal epithelial cells are all involved. In vitro macrophages have been shown to be capable of ingesting Giardia, and we recently showed that macrophages accumulate in the lamina propria following infection (17, 18). Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells mature in response to Giardia extracts, but cytokine production in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists is modulated toward interle...

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Probiotics in the management of Giardia duodenalis: an update on potential mechanisms and outcomes

Dashti

Zarebavani

2021

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

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Evaluation of cellular and humoral systemic immune response against Giardia duodenalis infection in cattle

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Human Memory CD4 ⁺ T Cell Immune Responses against Giardia lamblia

Human Memory CD4 ⁺ T Cell Immune Responses against Giardia lamblia

Complement Activation by Giardia duodenalis Parasites through the Lectin Pathway Contributes to Mast Cell Responses and Parasite Control

Probiotics in the management of Giardia duodenalis: an update on potential mechanisms and outcomes

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Evaluation of cellular and humoral systemic immune response against Giardia duodenalis infection in cattle

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Human Memory CD4 + T Cell Immune Responses against Giardia lamblia

Human Memory CD4 + T Cell Immune Responses against Giardia lamblia

Complement Activation by Giardia duodenalis Parasites through the Lectin Pathway Contributes to Mast Cell Responses and Parasite Control

Probiotics in the management of Giardia duodenalis: an update on potential mechanisms and outcomes

Contact Info

Product

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Human Memory CD4 ⁺ T Cell Immune Responses against Giardia lamblia

Human Memory CD4 ⁺ T Cell Immune Responses against Giardia lamblia