Some like it cold: understanding the survival strategies of psychrophiles

Maayer, Pieter De; Anderson, Dominique; Cary, S. Craig; Cowan, Don A.

doi:10.1002/embr.201338170

Cited by 459 publications

(375 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…3 and 4) within the processing plant 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed that all of the abundantly found genera contained mesophilic psychrotrophs. This is understandable as approximately 80% of the earth is cold, and most of the psychrotolerant microbes (optimal temperatures between 20°C and 25°C) on earth live in fluctuating temperatures (22). The surface samples had high levels of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat Processing Plant Microbiome and Contamination Patterns of Cold-Tolerant Bacteria Causing Food Safety and Spoilage Risks in the Manufacture of Vacuum-Packaged Cooked Sausages

Hultman

Rahkila

Ali

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

120

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bRefrigerated food processing facilities are specific man-made niches likely to harbor cold-tolerant bacteria. To characterize this type of microbiota and study the link between processing plant and product microbiomes, we followed and compared microbiota associated with the raw materials and processing stages of a vacuum-packaged, cooked sausage product affected by a prolonged quality fluctuation with occasional spoilage manifestations during shelf life. A total of 195 samples were subjected to culturing and amplicon sequence analyses. Abundant mesophilic psychrotrophs were detected within the microbiomes throughout the different compartments of the production plant environment. However, each of the main genera of food safety and quality interest, e.g., Leuconostoc, Brochothrix, and Yersinia, had their own characteristic patterns of contamination. Bacteria from the genus Leuconostoc, commonly causing spoilage of cold-stored, modified-atmosphere-packaged foods, were detected in high abundance (up to >98%) in the sausages studied. The same operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were, however, detected in lower abundances in raw meat and emulsion (average relative abundance of 2% ؎ 5%), as well as on the processing plant surfaces (<4%). A completely different abundance profile was found for OTUs phylogenetically close to the species Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. These OTUs were detected in high abundance (up to 28%) on the processing plant surfaces but to a lesser extent (<1%) in raw meat, sausage emulsion, and sausages. The fact that Yersinia-like OTUs were found on the surfaces of a high-hygiene packaging compartment raises food safety concerns related to their resilient existence on surfaces. R efrigeration is used throughout the modern food chain to ensure the safety and quality of perishable products. Chilling has also been extended to food processing facilities to ensure that food manufacture complies with the legislative requirements governing maximum food temperature. Perishable food is usually packaged under a carbon dioxide-containing modified atmosphere to suppress bacterial growth. These modern food manufacturing practices have changed the order of prevalence of food-borne bacteria. Instead of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, (facultatively) anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria prevail in modified-atmosphere-packaged (MAP) foods (1). In addition to refrigeration, the daily cleaning and sanitizing procedures used at the processing facilities might lead to the resilience of certain microbes and thus persistent contamination.Hygiene in a food processing facility is monitored through an internal control procedure, including hazard analysis of critical control points. The manufacturer is responsible for guaranteeing the safety and quality of its products during the shelf life set for each respective product. In routine hygiene monitoring, the microbiological quality of the raw materials, cleanliness of the surfaces, and quality of the end products are included in these internal control protocols. Bacterial contaminat...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat Processing Plant Microbiome and Contamination Patterns of Cold-Tolerant Bacteria Causing Food Safety and Spoilage Risks in the Manufacture of Vacuum-Packaged Cooked Sausages

Hultman

Rahkila

Ali

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

120

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“…Among them, bacteria 594 Iva Tomova et al dominate in many terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems and play essential role in food chains, biogeochemical cycles and mineralization of pollutants Walker 1993, 1995;Aislabie et al 2006Aislabie et al , 2009Franzmann et al 1997;Tindall 2004;Walker 2005;Tomova et al 2014;Tytgat et al 2014;Vasileva−Tonkova and Gesheva 2004). Psychrophilic and psychrotolerant microorganisms have developed various adaptations to extreme environments through physiological and ecological mecha− nisms (Russell 1998;De Maayer et al 2014). Enzymes are an essential target for adaptation of microorganisms to extreme environments with considerable poten− tial for industrial application (Feller and Gerday 2003;Cavicchioli et al 2011;Kumar et al 2011;Gesheva and Vasileva−Tonkova 2012;Loperena et al 2012;Tropeano et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of heavy metals resistant heterotrophic bacteria from soils in the Windmill Islands region, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica

Tomova¹,

Stoilova−Disheva²,

Vasileva−Tonkova³

2014

Polish Polar Research

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Abstract:In this study, selected heavy metals resistant heterotrophic bacteria isolated from soil samples at the Windmill Islands region, Wilkes Land (East Antarctica), were character− ized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed affiliation of isolates to genera Bacillus, Lysini− bacillus, Micrococcus and Stenotrophomonas. The strains were found to be psychrotolerant and halotolerant, able to tolerate up to 10% NaCl in the growth medium. The Minimum In− hibitory Concentration of the seven heavy metals Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, and Pb was deter− mined in solid media for each bacterial strain. Gram−positive Vi−2 strain and Gram−negative Vi−4 strain showed highest multiply heavy metals resistance, and Vi−3 and Vi−4 strains showed multi−antibiotic resistance to more than a half of the 13 used antibiotics. Plasmids were detected only in Gram−negative Vi−4 strain. The bacteria were able to produce differ− ent hydrolytic enzymes including industrially important proteases, xylanases, cellulases, and b−glucosidases. High heavy metals resistance of the Antarctic bacteria suggests their potential application for wastewater treatment in cold and temperate climates. Highly sensi− tive to Cd and Co ions Vi−1, Vi−5 and Vi−7 strains would be promising for developing biosensors to detect these most toxic heavy metals in environmental samples.

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“…−20 °C in sea ice) to a maximum temperature of 20 °C [3]. Roughly 80 % of our planet's biosphere is at temperatures below 5 °C, which includes most of the world's oceans (70 % of the Earth's surface), sea ice, Antarctica, parts of North America and Europe, the deep-sea, mountain regions, as well as the mesosphere and stratosphere [4]. Thus, most microorganisms on Earth can be considered to be psychrophiles.…”

Section: -2506mentioning

confidence: 99%