Congenital ptosis

Abstract

Congenital blepharoptosis presents within the first year of life either in isolation or as a part of many different ocular or systemic disorders. Surgical repair is challenging, and recurrence necessitating more than one operation is not uncommon. Not all patients with congenital ptosis require surgery, but children with amblyopia due to astigmatic anisometropia or deprivation may benefit from early surgical correction. A variety of surgical procedures to correct congenital ptosis have been described. The choice of procedure depends on a number of patient-specific factors, such as degree of ptosis and levator function, as well as surgeon preference and resource availability. We review the genetics, associated syndromes, and surgical treatments of congenital ptosis.

Unilateral Blepharoptosis from Renal Cell Carcinoma

“…The causes of ptosis can be classified into two categories: congenital and acquired. Congenital ptosis, which is an anomaly of the muscle elevator development, is unilateral in 69% of cases, but can also be symmetrical or asymmetrical bilateral (4). Other causes of congenital ptosis are the Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome, the Duane’s syndrome and the congenital Horner’s syndrome (5).…”

Maximal Levator Muscle Resection for Primary Congenital Blepharoptosis with Poor Levator Function

“…Most important among these parameters is levator function. 1,2 Frontalis suspension is the most commonly used surgical technique for the correction of severe congenital ptosis with poor levator muscle function ( 4 mm). 3,4 Various surgical designs and different suspension materials have been described and autogenous fascia lata has been considered the goldstandard material.…”

Frontalis Muscle Flap Suspension Surgery for the Treatment of Blepharoptosis Based on the Anatomical Study of the Frontal Muscle Nerve in the Third of the Eyebrow

“…A too narrow subcutaneous tunnel will affect the blood supply to the frontal muscle flap. In the suture of the frontal muscle and tarsus front fascia, a few more sutures should be performed in order to reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence (Skaat et al, 2013;SooHoo et al, 2014).…”