Carbon nanotubes as VEGF carriers to improve the early vascularization of porcine small intestinal submucosa in abdominal wall defect repair

Abstract

Insufficient early vascularization in biological meshes, resulting in limited host tissue incorporation, is thought to be the primary cause for the failure of abdominal wall defect repair after implantation. The sustained release of exogenous angiogenic factors from a biocompatible nanomaterial might be a way to overcome this limitation. In the study reported here, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were functionalized by plasma polymerization to deliver vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF 165 ). The novel VEGF 165 -controlled released system was incorporated into porcine small intestinal submucosa (PSIS) to construct a composite scaffold. Scaffolds incorporating varying amounts of VEGF 165 -loaded functionalized MWNT were characterized in vitro. At 5 weight percent MWNT, the scaffolds exhibited optimal properties and were implanted in rats to repair abdominal wall defects. PSIS scaffolds incorporating VEGF 165 -loaded MWNT (VEGF–MWNT–PSIS) contributed to early vascularization from 2–12 weeks postimplantation and obtained more effective collagen deposition and exhibited improved tensile strength at 24 weeks postimplantation compared to PSIS or PSIS scaffolds, incorporating MWNT without VEGF 165 loading (MWNT–PSIS).

<p>Electrospun Scaffold with Sustained Antibacterial and Tissue-Matched Mechanical Properties for Potential Application as Functional Mesh</p>

“…Despite the adding of MWCNTs could induce inflammatory and foreign body reaction, it underwent rapid, first-order clearance from the blood compartment via renal excretion and had little influence on cell proliferation within safe concentration, as we described previously. 11,27 Furthermore, the antibacterial mesh substantially induced a milder inflammatory foreign body response than non-MWCNTs containing mesh. It is expected to improve the host incorporation by allowing extracellular matrix remodeling and supporting abdominal wall defect repair with tissue-matched mechanical properties.…”

“…10 We previously combined biodegradable plasma coating with physical adsorption to incorporate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) into MWCNTs and achieved VEGF release from a biomaterial effectively. 11 Hence, the tubular structure of MWCNTs, with various integration sites on them, can be used to modify the AMX loading and sustained release at the desired level.…”

Design real-time reversal of tumor&nbsp;multidrug resistance cleverly with shortened carbon nanotubes

“…CNTs represent a novel class of nanomaterials in the nanomedicine arena. 3 , 6 – 10 Ever since their emergence on the “nano platform”, their unique properties such as high aspect ratio, surface area, and ease of drug loading via π−π stacking interactions have made them potential candidates for a drug delivery system (DDS). 11 – 14 They have been shown to deliver various biomolecules including protein, DNA, and ribonucleic acid to cells.…”