Cytotoxic, Antimutagenic, and Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Extract and Chalcone Dimers (Lophirones B and C) Derived From Lophira alata (Van Tiegh. Ex Keay) Stem Bark

Abstract

The cytotoxic, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract and lophirones B and C derived from Lophira alata stem bark were evaluated. The extract and lophirones B and C significantly (P < .05) reduced the viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. There were concentration-dependent reduction in 4-nitro-o-aminophenylenediamine and benzo[a]pyrene-induced frame shift mutation as well as aflatoxin B1-induced base pair substitution by the extract and lophirones B and C. The extract and lophirones B and C concentration dependently scavenged DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and reduced ferric ion in the potassium hexacyanoferrate III reducing system. The results obtained from this study revealed that methanolic extract and lophirones B and C derived from Lophira alata stem bark posses anticancer, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities, with lophirone C producing the best anticancer, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities. The acclaimed anticancer activity of Lophira alata may be attributed to lophirones B and C.

Lophirones B and C prevent aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation in rat hepatocytes

“…Ex Keay stem bark. Lophirones B and C inhibit 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and benzo [a]pyrene-induced frame shift mutation in TA98 and AFB 1 -induced base pair substitution in TA100 (Ajiboye et al 2014a). It also inhibits proliferation of Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell (Ajiboye et al 2014b).…”

“…The concentration (1 mg/mL) was chosen based on the previous report by Ajiboye et al (2014a), while the cell viability of AFB 1 (9 nM) was reported by Ribeiro et al (2010).…”

“…It also inhibits proliferation of Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell (Ajiboye et al 2014b). The presence of a,b-conjugated double bonds, hydroxyl groups at C2 0 and C4 0 in ring A and at C4 of ring B, in lophirones B and C, is responsible for the inhibiting proliferation of Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cells (Ajiboye et al 2014a). In addition, the chalcone dimers possess free radical and ROS (hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radical) scavenging properties (Ajiboye et al 2014a).…”

“…The presence of a,b-conjugated double bonds, hydroxyl groups at C2 0 and C4 0 in ring A and at C4 of ring B, in lophirones B and C, is responsible for the inhibiting proliferation of Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cells (Ajiboye et al 2014a). In addition, the chalcone dimers possess free radical and ROS (hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radical) scavenging properties (Ajiboye et al 2014a). Also, lophirones B and C enhance the expressions and activities of ROS and electrophilic species through the nuclear erythroid-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) (Ajiboye et al 2014b).…”

Biflavonoids from an Ethno-Medicinal Plant Ochna holtzii Gilg

“…This biflavanoid has also been reported to exhibit potent cytotoxicity activity against melanoma (UACC62), renal (TK10) and breast (MCF10) cancer cell lines [19]. Recently, Ajiboye found that lophirone C has relatively high anticancer, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities [20]. Thus, although our results with O. holtzii and its constituents provide some scientific rationale for the use of this ethno-medicinal plant by the communities of the coastal region of Kenya, it also suggests the need for extending the study to other Ochna species and other bioactivities.…”