Proof-of-concept for a virus-induced obesity vaccine; vaccination against the obesity agent adenovirus 36

Hn, Na; Jh, Nam

doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.41

“…Possibility of an infection leading to obesity should take away the guilt and stigma felt by many sufferings from the disease obesity. Importantly, this research has led to efforts to develop vaccines to prevent Ad36 induced obesity …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty‐five years of research about adipogenic adenoviruses: A systematic review

Akheruzzaman

¹

,

Hegde

²

,

Dhurandhar

³

2018

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Infectious etiology is implicated in chronic diseases such as gastric ulcer or atherosclerosis. However, "infection" is a recent term in the field of obesity. Since the first report in 1982 of obesity due to infection, several microbes have been linked to obesity. Among the adipogenic microbes, avian adenovirus SMAM-1 and human adenovirus Ad36 have been studied most extensively for the past 25 years. Here, we present a systematic review of literature about SMAM-1 and Ad36. Reports from North America, Europe, and Asia reveal strong evidence that Ad36 causes obesity in animals and paradoxically improves glycemic control, and in vitro data provides mechanistic explanation. Considering that experimental Ad36 infection of humans is unlikely, its causative role in human obesity or glycemic control has not been demonstrated unequivocally. Nonetheless, most, but not all, observational studies in children and adults link Ad36 infection to obesity and improvement in glycemic control. The E4orf1 gene of Ad36 was identified as responsible for better glycemic control. Overall, 25 years have considerably advanced knowledge about the role of infection in obesity. Potential translational benefits include the development of vaccines to prevent Ad36-induced obesity and drug development based on the E4orf1 protein to improve glycemic control.

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“…The escalating trends of BMI in children have reached a steady high state in many developed countries but have hastened in certain parts of Asia (52). These data together with emerging evidence for the relationship between ADV36 infection and obesity have been provocative enough that even vaccination against adenoviral infection has been proposed to induce herd immunity against obesity and its related metabolic derangements (53). Our ndings, however, strengthen the possibility that improvement of vitamin D status of children through supplementation and food forti cation might work as well as, and even better than, a true vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Modulating effect of vitamin D status on serum anti-adenovirus 36 antibody amount in children with obesity: National Food and Nutrition Surveillance

Nikooyeh

¹

,

Hollis

²

,

Neyestani³

2020

Preprint

0

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Background. The association of ADV-36 infection and obesity has been reported in children. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the association between ADV-36 infection and adiposity may be mediated by sub-optimal vitamin D status of the host. Methods. Ninety one apparently healthy children in different weight categories (normal weight: 33, overweight: 33, obesity: 25) aged 5-18 years were randomly selected from the registered population at National Food and Nutrition Surveillance Program (NFNS). The groups were matched based on age and sex. Anthropometric, biochemical and serological assessments were performed.Results. The amount of anti-ADV36-Ab increased whereas circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D decreased across BMI categories with higher amounts in children with normal weight than in children with overweight and obesity (31.0±16.4, 22.5±10.5 and 21.9±9.8 nmol/L, respectively, p=0.004). Logistic regression analysis revealed that for each unit increment of anti-ADV36-Ab, the chance of increase in weight was 8.5 times (OR: 8.5, p=0.029). Interestingly, when 25(OH)D was introduced into the model, anti-ADV36-Ab was no longer the predictor of weight increment and the chance of increase in weight reduced 5% for each unit increase in 25(OH)D concentration (OR: 0.95, p=0.012). Conclusion. It is suggested that ADV36-induced lipogenesis may be mediated by vitamin D deficiency in children with obesity.

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“…The escalating trends of BMI in children have reached a steady high state in many developed countries but have hastened in certain parts of Asia (52). These data together with emerging evidence for the relationship between ADV36 infection and obesity have been provocative enough that even vaccination against adenoviral infection has been proposed to induce herd immunity against obesity and its related metabolic derangements (53). Our findings, however, indicate that improvement of vitamin D status of children through supplementation and food fortification might work as well as, and even better than, a true vaccine.…”

Section: Viruses Causing Chronic Infection With Low-grade Inflammatiomentioning

confidence: 63%

Modulating effect of vitamin D status on serum anti-adenovirus 36 antibody amount in children with obesity: National Food and Nutrition Surveillance

Nikooyeh

¹

,

Hollis

²

,

Neyestani

³

2020

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. The association of ADV-36 infection and obesity has been reported in children. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the association between ADV-36 infection and adiposity may be mediated by sub-optimal vitamin D status of the host.Methods. Ninety one apparently healthy children in different weight categories (normal weight: 33, overweight: 33, obesity: 25) aged 5-18 years were randomly selected from the registered population at National Food and Nutrition Surveillance Program (NFNS). The groups were matched based on age and sex. Anthropometric, biochemical and serological assessments were performed.Results. The amount of anti-ADV36-Ab increased whereas circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D decreased across BMI categories with higher amounts in children with normal weight than in children with overweight and obesity (31.0±16.4, 22.5±10.5 and 21.9±9.8 nmol/L, respectively, p=0.004).Logistic regression analysis revealed that for each unit increment of anti-ADV36-Ab, the chance of increase in weight was 8.5 times (OR: 8.5, p=0.029). Interestingly, when 25(OH)D was introduced into the model, anti-ADV36-Ab was no longer the predictor of weight increment and the chance of increase in weight reduced 5% for each unit increase in 25(OH)D concentration (OR: 0.95, p=0.012).Conclusion. It is suggested that ADV36-induced lipogenesis may be mediated by vitamin D deficiency in children with obesity. BackgroundContributors to childhood obesity are in the "obesogenic environment" of the children including all those aspects in the child's environment that encourages him or her to eat more (usually unhealthy) foods and to have less physical activity (1). One of the proposed potential contributors to obesity is suboptimal vitamin D status. Detection of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its signaling pathways in adipose tissue indicated that vitamin D could potentially affect development, metabolism and functions of body fat mass (2). Laboratory in vitro studies demonstrated the effect of calcitriol (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ), the active form of the vitamin, and its inactive metabolites on adipogenesis in murine 3T3-L1 cell line. While VDR knock out (VDR-/-) and 1-α-hydroxylase knock out (CYP27B1 -/-) mice were highly resistant to weight gain due to dietary intake, the over-expression of human VDR in adipose

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Proof-of-concept for a virus-induced obesity vaccine; vaccination against the obesity agent adenovirus 36

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Twenty‐five years of research about adipogenic adenoviruses: A systematic review

Twenty‐five years of research about adipogenic adenoviruses: A systematic review

Modulating effect of vitamin D status on serum anti-adenovirus 36 antibody amount in children with obesity: National Food and Nutrition Surveillance

Modulating effect of vitamin D status on serum anti-adenovirus 36 antibody amount in children with obesity: National Food and Nutrition Surveillance

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