Relationship of Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine, Nitric Oxide, and Sustained Attention during Attack in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract

We investigated the relationship of serum nitric oxide (NO) and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels with cognitive functioning in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). 41 MDD patients (Beck depression scale scores >16) and 44 controls were included in the study. Rey verbal learning and memory test, auditory consonant trigram test, digit span test, Wisconsin card sorting test, continuous performance task (TOVA), and Stroop test scores were found to be impaired in patients with major depressive disorder when compared to healthy controls. There was no significant difference between patient and control groups in terms of serum NO and ADMA. Serum NO levels were correlated with TOVA test error scores and Stroop test time scores, whereas serum ADMA levels were negatively correlated with TOVA test error scores. Metabolic detriments especially in relation to NO metabolism in frontal cortex and hypothalamus, psychomotor retardation, or loss of motivation may explain these deficits.

A Systematic Review of Executive Function and Information Processing Speed in Major Depression Disorder

“…Several studies report that people with MD performed worse than controls on one or more Stroop conditions. Hasselbalch et al [ 58 ] and Canpolat et al [ 53 ] found a significant difference between people with MD and controls in the incongruent test condition, but in the case of Hasselbach et al [ 58 ] the groups did not differ in their interference score. In four studies [ 49 , 52 , 55 , 60 ] the group with MD performed significantly worse than controls on all Stroop conditions.…”

MicroRNAs and Metabolites in Serum Change after Chemotherapy: Impact on Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

“…Culture medium was supplemented with 10 ng/mL stem cell factor (SCF; PeproTech GmbH, Hamburg, Germany), 20 ng/mL thrombopoietin (TPO; PeproTech), 10 ng/mL fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1; PeproTech) and 10 μg/mL heparin (Roche GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) as previously described [ 28 ]. Furthermore, metabolites were added in a range of different concentrations that in most cases presumably cover physiological concentrations: gamma-tocopherol (Sigma Aldrich; 10 μM to 1 mM; physiological concentration: 0–40 μM, [ 34 ]), lactate (Roth; 1–100 μM; physiological concentrations: 0.3–1.3 μM [ 35 ]), alanine (Roth; 1–100 μM), uridine (Roth; 1–100 μM; physiological concentrations: 5.2 μM [ 36 ]), taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate (Sigma Aldrich; 1–100 μM; total bile acid concentration range: 3.75–4.17 μM [ 37 ]), L-glutamic acid monosodium salt hydrate (Sigma Aldrich; 1–100 mM), N G ,N G -dimethylarginine dihydrochloride (Sigma Aldrich; 1–100 μM; physiological concentrations: 6,8 μM [ 38 ]), tert-butyl(R)-2-hydroxybutyrate (Sigma Aldrich; 10 μM—1 mM; physiological concentrations: 31.3 μM [ 39 ]) and 12(S)-Hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid (Sigma Aldrich; 10 nM—1 μM) were supplemented to the culture medium as indicated in the text.…”

The hydrogen sulfide releasing compounds ATB-346 and diallyl trisulfide attenuate streptozotocin-induced cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in rats: involvement of asymmetric dimethylarginine

“…However, diverse reports of literature have addressed ADMA in relation to AD, and its role appears to be very multiplex and controversial (Arlt et al 2008;Asif et al 2013;Canpolat et al 2014;Gubandru et al2013;Huang et al 2010;McEvoy et al 2014;Luo et al 2014) . Therefore, this relation must be studied further before any firm conclusions can be drawn.…”