Coils versus Gelatin Particles with or without Intraarterial Antibiotics for Partial Splenic Embolization: A Comparative Evaluation

Super-selective Partial Splenic Embolization for Hereditary Spherocytosis in Children: A Single-Center retrospective Study

“…The cause of spleen abscess formation includes excessive embolization which leads liquefied necrosis of a large amount of spleen tissue and secondary bacterial infection. There are two possible sources of bacteria, one of them is interventional contamination, the other is that, the enteric-derived bacteria which retained in the portal venous system reverse into the spleen since the slow speed of flow in the splenic vein after massive embolization of the splenic parenchyma 15 . However, there is no patient had a splenic abscess in this study.…”

Treatment of Refractory Stomal Variceal Hemorrhage with Partial Splenic Artery Embolization: A Case Report

“…PSE is used to improve liver function, reduce variceal bleeding, treat hepatic encephalopathy, and improve blood cell counts in patients with portal hypertension [7]. In addition, PSE can increase platelet count in patients with hypersplenism from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thalassemia, idiopathic hypersplenism, and cytopenia caused by anticancer chemotherapy [7][8][9][10]. The improved liver function observed in patients with cirrhosis following PSE is likely related to increased blood flow in the hepatic arterial and superior mesenteric vein [8].…”

“…Splenic abscess is the most critical complication of PSE. There are several possible mechanisms of splenic infection and they include: anaerobic bacterial growth in the hypoxic tissue, percutaneous contamination with exogenous bacteria, and retrograde transport of enteric pathogens via reversed portal flow [9]. Several studies have reported that a large splenic infarction volume and a large infarction ratio are obvious risk factors for complications after PSE [7].…”

“…However, the effects of prophylactic intra-arterial antibiotic agents have never been discussed. Masada et al [9] reported that the use of intra-arterial antibiotic agents may be of benefit in the prevention of splenic inflammation after PSE.…”

Partial splenic embolization of patients with hypersplenism by transradial or transfemoral approach: a prospective randomized controlled trial

“…Hypersplenism is a common complication observed in patients with chronic liver cirrhosis, who suffer from portal hypertension. There are several treatment modalities for hypersplenism, including conservative medical treatment, such as partial splenic artery embolization (1,2), splenectomy (3,4), liver transplantation (5), microwave ablation (6), radiofrequency ablation (7), and high intensity focused ultrasound treatment methods (8). Partial splenic artery embolization (PSE) is an effective treatment for patients with hypersplenism.…”