Experimental mechanics of magnetic microparticle-induced strain on fibrin clots

Averett, Rodney D.

doi:10.1002/jbm.a.35127

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the preclinical study, it was reported that QDs were useful to label and were applied to flow cytometry analyses of thrombosis in the blood plasma of human subjects [38]. In addition, Averett reported that QDs can label a clot in the fibrin network only in the presence of matrix metalloprotease and thrombin [39]. These reports support our findings that QDs are useful to label clots in blood vessels of thrombotic condition.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Near-Infrared Emitting PbS Quantum Dots for in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of the Thrombotic State in Septic Mouse Brain

et al. 2016

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Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging is a powerful tool for the non-invasive visualization of the inner structure of living organisms. Recently, NIR fluorescence imaging at 1000-1400 nm (second optical window) has been shown to offer better spatial resolution compared with conventional NIR fluorescence imaging at 700-900 nm (first optical window). Here we report lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) and their use for in vivo NIR fluorescence imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis in septic mice. Highly fluorescent PbS QDs with a 1100 nm emission peak (QD1100) were prepared from lead acetate and hexamethyldisilathiane, and the surface of QD1100 was coated with mercaptoundecanoic acid so as to be soluble in water. NIR fluorescence imaging of the cerebral vessels of living mice was performed after intravascular injection (200-300 µL) of QD1100 (3 µM) from a caudal vein. By detecting the NIR fluorescence of QD1100, we achieved non-invasive NIR fluorescence imaging of cerebral blood vessels through the scalp and skull. We also achieved NIR fluorescence imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis in septic mice induced by the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). From the NIR fluorescence imaging, we found that the number of thrombi in septic mice was significantly increased by the administration of LPS. The formation of thrombi in cerebral blood vessels in septic mice was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also found that the number of thrombi significantly decreased after the administration of heparin, an inhibitor of blood coagulation. These results show that NIR fluorescence imaging with QD1100 is useful for the evaluation of the pathological state of cerebral blood vessels in septic mice.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Near-Infrared Emitting PbS Quantum Dots for in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of the Thrombotic State in Septic Mouse Brain

et al. 2016

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“…Cells embedded into extracellular matrix can induce stiffening of fibrin gels via myosin-driven cell contraction, which may be important for a number of patho(physiological) conditions, such as wound healing and cancer genesis [55]. Fibrin elasticity can be modulated by other physical [56-58] or biochemical [59, 60] modifications as well as by blood components incorporated into the fibrin network [60-62]. …”

Section: Non-linear Elasticity and High Deformability Of Fibrinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrin mechanical properties and their structural origins

2017

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Fibrin is a protein polymer that is essential for hemostasis and thrombosis, wound healing, and several other biological functions and pathological conditions that involve extracellular matrix. In addition to molecular and cellular interactions, fibrin mechanics has been recently shown to underlie clot behavior in the highly dynamic intra- and extravascular environment. Fibrin has both elastic and viscous properties. Perhaps the most remarkable rheological feature of the fibrin network is an extremely high elasticity and stability despite very low protein content. Another important mechanical property that is common to many filamentous protein polymers but not other polymers is stiffening occurring in response to shear, tension, or compression. New data has begun to provide a structural basis for the unique mechanical behavior of fibrin that originates from its complex multi-scale hierarchical structure. The mechanical behavior of the whole fibrin gel is governed largely by the properties of single fibers and their ensembles, including changes in fiber orientation, stretching, bending, and buckling. The properties of individual fibrin fibers are determined by the number and packing arrangements of double-stranded half-staggered protofibrils, which still remain poorly understood. It has also been proposed that forced unfolding of sub-molecular structures, including elongation of flexible and relatively unstructured portions of fibrin molecules, can contribute to fibrin deformations. In spite of a great increase in our knowledge of the structural mechanics of fibrin, much about the mechanisms of fibrin's biological functions remains unknown. Fibrin deformability is not only an essential part of the biomechanics of hemostasis and thrombosis, but also a rapidly developing field of bioengineering that uses fibrin as a versatile biomaterial with exceptional and tunable biochemical and mechanical properties.

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“…Figure 1 displays the configuration in relation to the fibrin matrix sample, as well as its relative position in the confocal microscope platform. The SolidWorks drawing of the microscope is based on measurements taken of the actual Zeiss 700 B confocal microscope located at the Georgia Institute of Technology, which is the same confocal microscope used in the previous experimental fibrin/MMP study [9]. The microscope uses a platform that has adjustable sliders to capture the sample slide, which allow the solenoids to maneuver vertically in the open space.…”

Section: Simulation Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilizing the magnetic field and flux density, the electromagnetic forces acting on a material using Maxwell's stress tensor were calculated using (9). For the current study, under vacuum conditions in the absence of moving charges (9) reduces to (10).…”

Section: Mathematical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous experimental study, fibrin networks with embedded quantum dots (QDs) and MMPs were distorted due to the application of an external magnetic field subsequent to polymerization [9]. The MMPs influenced by the magnetic field caused the overall structure of the fibrin matrix to be more anisotropic, so that the fibrin fibers were mostly aligned in one direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromagnetically Induced Distortion of a Fibrin Matrix With Embedded Microparticles

Scogin

Yesudasan

Walker

et al. 2018

J. Mech. Med. Biol.

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Blood clots occur in the human body when they are required to prevent bleeding. In pathological states such as diabetes and sickle cell disease, blood clots can also form undesirably due to hypercoagulable plasma conditions. With the continued effort in developing fibrin therapies for potential life-saving solutions, more mechanical modeling is needed to understand the properties of fibrin structures with inclusions. In this study, a fibrin matrix embedded with magnetic micro particles (MMPs) was subjected to a magnetic field to determine the magnitude of the required force to create plastic deformation within the fibrin clot. Using finite element (FE) analysis, we estimated the magnetic force from an electromagnet at a sample space located approximately 3 cm away from the coil center. This electromagnetic force coupled with gravity was applied on a fibrin mechanical system with MMPs to calculate the stresses and displacements. Using appropriate coil parameters, it was determined that application of a magnetic field of 730 A/m on the fibrin surface was necessary to achieve an electromagnetic force of 36 nN (to engender plastic deformation).

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Experimental mechanics of magnetic microparticle-induced strain on fibrin clots

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Near-Infrared Emitting PbS Quantum Dots for in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of the Thrombotic State in Septic Mouse Brain

Near-Infrared Emitting PbS Quantum Dots for in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of the Thrombotic State in Septic Mouse Brain

Fibrin mechanical properties and their structural origins

Electromagnetically Induced Distortion of a Fibrin Matrix With Embedded Microparticles

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