Quantitative T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared to Morphological Grading of the Early Cervical Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: An Evaluation Approach in Asymptomatic Young Adults

Chen, Chun; Huang, Mei; Han, Zhihua; Shao, Lixin; Xie, Yan; Wu, Jianhong; Zhang, Yan; Xin, Hongkui; Ren, Aijun; Guo, Yumei; Wang, Deli; He, Qiang; Ruan, Dike

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087856

Cited by 30 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…Fifty NP samples with different degrees of IDD (n = 50; age 27 to 78 years, mean age 56.4 years) were obtained from patients between 2016 and 2017, who underwent disc resection surgery or spinal fusion to relieve lower back pain. Assessment of the disease state was by Pfirrmann grading according to a previous study [39]. No medications or anti-inflammatory drugs were used before surgery.…”

Section: Human Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Tissue Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibitor APO866 Prevents IL-1β-Induced Human Nucleus Pulposus Cell Degeneration via Autophagy

Shi

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Intervertebral discs consist of an extracellular matrix (ECM) with a central gelatinous nucleus pulposus (NP) enclosed in an outer layer known as the annulus fibrosus. ECM metabolic disorders result in loss of boundary between the annulus fibrosus and NP, which can lead to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, mediate the progression of IDD. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and is known to be induced by IL-1β. APO866 is an inhibitor of NAD biosynthesis and is involved in autophagy. LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) is a key regulator of autophagy and is used as an indicator of increased autophagy. Herein, we investigate the role of APO866 in regulating autophagy in NP cells and IL-1β mediated NP cell degeneration and apoptosis. Methods: NP cells were extracted from IDD tissues and cultured in DMEM/F12 medium. Nampt was induced by different concentrations of IL-1β (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 ng/mL) for 24 h or NP cells were treated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β for 0, 6, 12, 48 h. QRT-PCR and western blots were used to detect Nampt and ECM-related protein expression in NP tissue of patients with IDD and in NP cells. Confocal analysis was used to detect membrane-bound LC3, Aggrecan, and Collagen II. Results: Nampt is expressed in NP tissue at higher levels in severe grades of IDD (Grade IV and V) compared with low grades (Grade II and III). In NP cells, 10 ng/mL IL-1β induced Nampt expression for 48 h, increased expression of the degradative-associated proteins, ADAMTS4/5 and MMP-3/13, and decreased expression of ECM-related proteins, Aggrecan and Collagen II. However, the Nampt inhibitor APO866 blocked IL-1β induction, and the knockdown of Nampt expression increased the expression of ECM proteins that were inhibited by IL-1β. Moreover, evidence provided by the autophagic markers LC3 and Beclin-1 indicated that APO866 induced NP cell autophagy. Furthermore, although APO866 inhibited the downregulated expression of ECM-related proteins by IL-1β, this function was blocked by autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine. Conclusion: APO866 protects NP cells and induces autophagy by inhibiting IL-1β-induced NP cell degeneration and apoptosis, which may have therapeutic potential in IDD.

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Section: Human Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Tissue Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibitor APO866 Prevents IL-1β-Induced Human Nucleus Pulposus Cell Degeneration via Autophagy

Shi

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…79 Quantitative T2 mapping has also been studied in the cervical disks in asymptomatic young adults for detecting and characterizing early degeneration. 80 T1rho MRI is a potential noninvasive tool for quantitatively measuring disk degeneration that is particularly sensitive to loss of proteoglycan. 81,82 Conventional MRI techniques cannot detect loss of proteoglycan in the nucleus pulposus that occurs during early degeneration.…”

Section: Shah and Rossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Degenerative and Infectious Conditions of the Spine

Shah

Ross

2016

Neurosurgery

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Imaging is important in the evaluation of patients with degenerative disease and infectious processes. There are numerous conditions that can manifest as low back pain (LBP) or neck pain in a patient, and in many cases, the cause may be multifactorial. Clinical history and physical examination are key components in the evaluation of such patients; however, physical examination has variable sensitivity and specificity. Although studies have demonstrated that uncomplicated acute LBP and/or radiculopathy are self-limited conditions that do not warrant any imaging, neuroimaging can provide clear anatomic delineation of potential causes of the patient's clinical presentation. Various professional organizations have recommendations for imaging of LBP, which generally agree that an imaging study is not indicated for patients with uncomplicated LBP or radiculopathy without a red flag (eg, neurological deficit such as major weakness or numbness in lower extremities, bowel or bladder dysfunction, saddle anesthesia, fever, history of cancer, intravenous drug use, immunosuppression, trauma, or worsening symptoms). Different imaging modalities have a complementary role in the diagnosis of pathologies affecting the spine. In this review, we discuss the standard nomenclature for lumbar disk pathology and the utility of various clinical imaging techniques in the evaluation of LBP/neck pain for potential neurosurgical management. The imaging appearance of spinal infections and potential mimics also is reviewed. Finally, we discuss advanced neuroradiological techniques that offer greater microstructural and functional information. ABBREVIATIONS: ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; DWI, diffusionweighted imaging; DOM, diskitis-osteomyelitis; LBP, low back pain; MRM, magnetic resonance myelography; SNA, spinal neuroarthropathy; SPECT, single-positron emission computed tomography; STIR, short tau inversion recovery Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www.neurosurgery-online.com). the diagnosis of patients with degenerative and infectious processes affecting the spine, with specific attention to the lumbar spine. NEURORADIOLOGY REVIEW SERIES NEURORADIOLOGY REVIEW SERIES DEGENERATIVE SPINELBP is ubiquitous, affecting up to two-thirds of adults at some period in their lives.3 Imaging, primarily with MRI and CT, is used to evaluate the source of both LBP and neck pain. These imaging modalities commonly identify disk degeneration, disk herniations, and posterior element arthopathy; however, the imaging findings of spine degeneration are present in a high proportion of asymptomatic individuals and increase with age. 5,6 Although many imaged-based degenerative changes are due to the normal aging process, such imaging findings are often interpreted as the cause of the patient's back pain and initiate a cascade of medical and surgical interventions, wh...

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“…Biochemical changes have been suspected to be a precursor to early IVD degeneration 11,23,24 . In particular, GAG depletion has been demonstrated to play a central part in these degenerative processes which may lead to morphological degradation of IVDs, vertebral bodies, endplates and FJs 11,23,24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, GAG depletion has been demonstrated to play a central part in these degenerative processes which may lead to morphological degradation of IVDs, vertebral bodies, endplates and FJs 11,23,24 . With gagCEST imaging, it is possible to non-invasively visualize and analyze GAG content of the IVDs 15,18,19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facet tropism and facet joint orientation: risk factors for the development of early biochemical alterations of lumbar intervertebral discs

Schleich

Blum

Boos

et al. 2016

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage

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Quantitative T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared to Morphological Grading of the Early Cervical Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: An Evaluation Approach in Asymptomatic Young Adults

Cited by 30 publications

References 50 publications

Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibitor APO866 Prevents IL-1β-Induced Human Nucleus Pulposus Cell Degeneration via Autophagy

Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibitor APO866 Prevents IL-1β-Induced Human Nucleus Pulposus Cell Degeneration via Autophagy

Imaging of Degenerative and Infectious Conditions of the Spine

Facet tropism and facet joint orientation: risk factors for the development of early biochemical alterations of lumbar intervertebral discs

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