“…First of all, only one weed, hydrilla, has been reported to have developed target-site resistance to a PDS-targeting synthetic herbicide (Arias et al, 2006). As discussed by Dayan et al, (2014), evolution of target-site resistance to PDS inhibitors is improbable because only 10% of mutations that could lead to resistance in the PDS gene at the codon mutated in the resistant hydrilla can be achieved through a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Furthermore, the codons mostly likely to be used in plants at the site of the resistance-conferring mutation in hydrilla require two SNPs within the same codon for resistance development.…”