Cost of illness for bipolar disorder: a systematic review of the economic burden

Kleine-Budde, Katja; Touil, Elina; Moock, Jörn; Bramesfeld, Anke; Kawohl, Wolfram; Rössler, Wulf

doi:10.1111/bdi.12165

Cited by 105 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Less progress has been made in patient autonomy and participation in treatment of patients with chronic psychiatric disorders, especially those with psychotic disorders (4). Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) are among the most costly illnesses in the world and account for a considerable share of total health care budgets in developed countries (5)(6)(7). A large proportion of the total health care costs of schizophrenia and BD are due to hospitalizations (7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) are among the most costly illnesses in the world and account for a considerable share of total health care budgets in developed countries (5)(6)(7). A large proportion of the total health care costs of schizophrenia and BD are due to hospitalizations (7,8). Rehospitalizations are costly and are markers of reduced function and quality of life of patients with psychotic disorders and their families (9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A randomized controlled trial comparing self-referral to inpatient treatment and treatment as usual in patients with severe mental disorders

Sigrúnarson

Moljord

Steinsbekk

et al. 2016

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized controlled trial comparing self-referral to inpatient treatment and treatment as usual in patients with severe mental disorders

Sigrúnarson

Moljord

Steinsbekk

et al. 2016

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

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“…BPD affects about 3% of the population worldwide, with a variable range of severity (DSM-V, 2014). In most of the cases, it is a highly disabling condition with relevant consequences for the subject affected, his/her relatives, and the overall community [1]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes Involved in Neurodevelopment, Neuroplasticity, and Bipolar Disorder: CACNA1C, CHRNA1, and MAPK1

Calabrò¹,

Mandelli²,

Crisafulli³

et al. 2016

Neuropsychobiology

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Background: Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a common and severe mental disorder. The involvement of genetic factors in the pathophysiology of BPD is well known. In the present study, we tested the association of several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 3 strong candidate genes (CACNA1C, CHRNA7, and MAPK1) with BPD. These genes are involved in monoamine-related pathways, as well as in dendrite development, neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and memory/learning. Methods: One hundred and thirty-two subjects diagnosed with BPD and 326 healthy controls of Korean ancestry were genotyped for 40 SNPs within CACNA1C, CHRNA17, and MAPK1. Distribution of alleles and block of haplotypes within each gene were compared in cases and controls. Interactions between variants in different loci were also tested. Results: Significant differences in the distribution of alleles between the cases and controls were detected for rs1016388 within CACNA1C, rs1514250, rs2337980, rs6494223, rs3826029 and rs4779565 within CHRNA7, and rs8136867 within MAPK1. Haplotype analyses also confirmed an involvement of variations within these genes in BPD. Finally, exploratory epistatic analyses demonstrated potential interactive effects, especially regarding variations in CACNA1C and CHRNA7. Limitations: Limited sample size and risk of false-positive findings. Discussion: Our data suggest a possible role of these 3 genes in BPD. Alterations of 1 or more common brain pathways (e.g., neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity, calcium signaling) may explain the obtained results.

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“…It causes a marked impairment across social, cognitive, and occupational domains of functioning [1-3], which results in severe consequences for the living condition of affected subjects [4]. Furthermore, according to the estimates, subjects affected by BPD reach up to 3% of the population worldwide [5], with relevant costs for the community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b><i>FKBP5</i></b> Gene Variants May Modulate Depressive Features in Bipolar Disorder

et al. 2019

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Background: Previous evidence suggested the possible association of FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene variants in bipolar disorder (BPD). Objective: Given the need of refinement of the findings obtained in large but poorly phenotyped samples, this study investigated the possible role of variants within FKBP5 in a small but deeply phenotyped BPD sample. Methods: A sample (N = 131) of bipolar patients were investigated with 10 polymorphisms within the FKBP5 gene. A control sample (N = 65) was also used for the analyses. Treatment response and remission of symptoms were evaluated using of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The same analyses were also performed on the depressive subsample of BPD (D.BPD). Results: rs3800373 was associated with disorder risk in the depressive BPD subsample with the G allele being more frequent in subjects with a D.BPD phenotype. This was the only association that survived statistical correction. Conclusions: rs3800373 FKBP5 may increase the risk of developing predominantly depressed BPD, probably through the creation of an enhancer consensus sequence in the 3′UTR of the gene, thus potentially increasing its expression. This finding seems to be partially supported by literature data, which evidenced increased levels of FKBP5 in psychiatric subjects.

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Cost of illness for bipolar disorder: a systematic review of the economic burden

Cited by 105 publications

References 33 publications

A randomized controlled trial comparing self-referral to inpatient treatment and treatment as usual in patients with severe mental disorders

A randomized controlled trial comparing self-referral to inpatient treatment and treatment as usual in patients with severe mental disorders

Genes Involved in Neurodevelopment, Neuroplasticity, and Bipolar Disorder: CACNA1C, CHRNA1, and MAPK1

<b><i>FKBP5</i></b> Gene Variants May Modulate Depressive Features in Bipolar Disorder

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