Differential susceptibility to the Withering Syndrome agent and renal coccidia in juvenile Haliotis rufescens, Haliotis discus hannai and the interspecific hybrid

González, Roxana; Lohrmann, Karin B.; Pizarro, Javiera; Brokordt, Katherina

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2013.12.002

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Apart from being detected in the western coast of Mexico and the US, this hyperparasite has also been detected in South America in Chile in red abalone and hybrid abalone (González et al, 2014). In black abalone experimentally infected by the CXc and the bacteriophage a prevalence of 100% of the bacteriophage was observed with >50% of the MBVs of CXc being infected .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Hyperparasitism by the bacteriophage ( Caudovirales ) infecting Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (Rickettsiales-like prokaryote) parasite of wild abalone Haliotis fulgens and Haliotis corrugata from the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

Cruz‐Flores

Cáceres-Martı́nez

Muñoz-Flores

et al. 2016

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Hyperparasitism by the bacteriophage ( Caudovirales ) infecting Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (Rickettsiales-like prokaryote) parasite of wild abalone Haliotis fulgens and Haliotis corrugata from the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

Cruz‐Flores

Cáceres-Martı́nez

Muñoz-Flores

et al. 2016

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…These distinct pleomorphic inclusions, independent from confirmatory TEM, are currently recognized as representing phage-containing Ca. Xc (Brokordt et al 2017;Crosson et al 2014;González et al 2014). Further characterization suggests this phage is a member of the Siphoviridae family and employs a lytic life cycle, which results in lysis of the host cell and replicates its genetic material separately from that of the host (Cruz-Flores & Cáceres-Martínez 2016).…”

Section: Manuscript To Be Reviewedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xc infection susceptibility (Brokordt et al 2017). Interbreeding between abalone species has been show to transfer susceptibility to WS (González et al 2014). Heritable and environmental variables may also influence the abalone host microbiome, which is generating interest as a possible factor associated with abalone health and resistance to withering syndrome (Cicala et al 2017a;Connelly et al 2012).…”

Section: Manuscript To Be Reviewedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Differing responses of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and white abalone (H. sorenseni) to infection with phage-associated Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (v0.2)"

Ben‐Horin¹

2018

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The Rickettsiales-like prokaryote and causative agent of Withering Syndrome (WS)-Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (Ca. Xc)-decimated black abalone populations along the Pacific coast of North America. White abalone,-Haliotis sorenseni-are also susceptible to WS and have become nearly extinct in the wild due to overfishing in the 1970s. Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis proliferates within epithelial cells of the abalone gastrointestinal tract and causes clinical signs of starvation. In 2012, evidence of a putative bacteriophage associated with Ca. Xc in red abalone-Haliotis rufescens-was described. Recently, histologic examination of animals with Ca. Xc infection in California abalone populations universally appear to have the phage-containing inclusions. In this study, we investigated the current virulence of Ca. Xc in red abalone and white abalone at different environmental temperatures. Using a comparative experimental design, we observed differences over time between the two abalone species in mortality, body condition, and bacterial load by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). By day 251, all white abalone exposed to the current variant of Ca. Xc held in the warm water (18.5ºC) treatment died, while red abalone exposed to the same conditions had a mortality rate of only 10%, despite a relatively heavy bacterial burden as determined by qPCR of posterior esophagus tissue and histological assessment at the termination of the experiment. These data support the current status of Ca. Xc as less virulent in red abalone, and may provide correlative evidence of a protective phage interaction. However, white abalone appear to remain highly susceptible to this disease. These findings have important implications for implementation of a white abalone recovery program, particularly with respect to the thermal regimes of locations where captively-reared individuals will be outplanted.

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“…These distinct pleomorphic inclusions, independent from confirmatory TEM, are currently recognized as representing phage-containing Ca . Xc (Brokordt et al, 2017; Crosson et al, 2014; González et al, 2014). Further characterization suggests this phage is a member of the Siphoviridae family and employs a lytic life cycle, which results in lysis of the host cell and replicates its genetic material separately from that of the host (Cruz-Flores & Cáceres-Martínez, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xc infection susceptibility (Brokordt et al, 2017). Interbreeding between abalone species has been show to transfer susceptibility to WS (González et al, 2014). Heritable and environmental variables may also influence the abalone host microbiome, which is generating interest as a possible factor associated with abalone health and resistance to withering syndrome (Cicala et al, 2017a; Connelly, Horner-Devine & Friedman, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differing responses of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and white abalone (H. sorenseni) to infection with phage-associated Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis

Vater

Byrne

Marshman

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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The Rickettsiales-like prokaryote and causative agent of Withering Syndrome (WS)—Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (Ca. Xc)—decimated black abalone populations along the Pacific coast of North America. White abalone—Haliotis sorenseni—are also susceptible to WS and have become nearly extinct in the wild due to overfishing in the 1970s. Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis proliferates within epithelial cells of the abalone gastrointestinal tract and causes clinical signs of starvation. In 2012, evidence of a putative bacteriophage associated with Ca. Xc in red abalone—Haliotis rufescens—was described. Recently, histologic examination of animals with Ca. Xc infection in California abalone populations universally appear to have the phage-containing inclusions. In this study, we investigated the current virulence of Ca. Xc in red abalone and white abalone at different environmental temperatures. Using a comparative experimental design, we observed differences over time between the two abalone species in mortality, body condition, and bacterial load by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). By day 251, all white abalone exposed to the current variant of Ca. Xc held in the warm water (18.5 °C) treatment died, while red abalone exposed to the same conditions had a mortality rate of only 10%, despite a relatively heavy bacterial burden as determined by qPCR of posterior esophagus tissue and histological assessment at the termination of the experiment. These data support the current status of Ca. Xc as less virulent in red abalone, and may provide correlative evidence of a protective phage interaction. However, white abalone appear to remain highly susceptible to this disease. These findings have important implications for implementation of a white abalone recovery program, particularly with respect to the thermal regimes of locations where captively-reared individuals will be outplanted.

show abstract

Differential susceptibility to the Withering Syndrome agent and renal coccidia in juvenile Haliotis rufescens, Haliotis discus hannai and the interspecific hybrid

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Hyperparasitism by the bacteriophage ( Caudovirales ) infecting Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (Rickettsiales-like prokaryote) parasite of wild abalone Haliotis fulgens and Haliotis corrugata from the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

Hyperparasitism by the bacteriophage ( Caudovirales ) infecting Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (Rickettsiales-like prokaryote) parasite of wild abalone Haliotis fulgens and Haliotis corrugata from the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

Peer Review #2 of "Differing responses of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and white abalone (H. sorenseni) to infection with phage-associated Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (v0.2)"

Differing responses of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and white abalone (H. sorenseni) to infection with phage-associated Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis

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