Preliminary study of video imaging of blood vessels in tissues lining the gingival sulcus in periodontally healthy individuals

Abstract

This novel system allowed for a consistent and repeatable assessment of the gingival microvasculature. However, there was some evidence of possible pressure artefacts in those cases where the measurements of separation between vessels exceeded 150 μm.

Vascular Fragility and the Endothelial Glycocalyx in the Tissues Lining the Healthy Gingival Crevice

“…Images of ECG were obtained in one individual with branched dilated microvessels. Obtaining images of healthy GC has been described previously 11 . Ethical approval was obtained from East Central London REC1 ethics committee, London, U.K.…”

“…This loss of ECG is one of the earliest changes in the inflammatory process, along with microvascular dilation, and is a significant finding in septic shock‐associated uneven distribution of blood flow and oxygen extraction defect 9 , 10 . Simple capillary loops and branched dilated venules can be found in tissues lining the gingival crevice (GC) in clinically healthy gingiva 11 . It is not clear if these are a normal feature of the healthy gingival tissues in some individuals or if the dilated venules are part of a pathologic process.…”

In Vivo Capillary Loop Hemoglobin Spectroscopy in Labial, Sublingual, and Periodontal Tissues

“…The one piece glass lens can be decontaminated and autoclaved. Imaging with a 1 pitch GRIN lens has been described previously and has a number of advantages over plano convex lenses . The image at the tip of the lens in contact with the tissues is transmitted without distortion to the opposite end of the lens.…”

“…We have previously described a method using light at 410 and 430 nm and epi‐illumination to reflect light back from the tissues for spectroscopic measurements in oral mucosal capillary loops . By combining a dichroic beam splitter with transillumination in place of epi‐illumination we have developed a method to make reproducible measurements of microvessel optical densities to allow estimates of hemoglobin oxygen saturation from human capillaroscopy images of arterioles, capillaries and venules in sublingual and labial mucosa in vivo and venules in the tissues lining the periodontal pocket.…”

From manual periodontal probing to digital 3‐D imaging to endoscopic capillaroscopy: Recent advances in periodontal disease diagnosis

“…The same group compared, in a sample of 20 periodontally healthy volunteers, the fiber‐optic probe with the video microscopic system involving a GRIN lens that can be inserted 2 mm into the gingival sulcus for imaging micro vessels of tissues lining the gingival sulcus or periodontal pockets . The resolution of the GRIN lens showed a statistically significant ( P < .05) improvement compared to the fiber‐optic probe.…”