Prevalence of HIV Infection and Risk Behaviors Among Younger and Older Injecting Drug Users in the United States, 2009

Broz, Dita; Pham, Huong; Spiller, Michael W.; Wejnert, Cyprian; Le, Binh; Neaigus, Alan; Paz–Bailey, Gabriela

doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0660-4

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…As in prior studies (Armstrong, 2007; Broz and Ouellet, 2008; Broz et al, 2014; Garfein et al, 1998; Hahn et al, 2010; Neaigus et al, 2006; Ochoa et al, 2001; Prussing et al, 2014; Pugatch, 2006), our study showed that young PWID are likely to be non-Hispanic white (71%), even though our recruitment sites were located in urban, predominantly African American and Hispanic neighborhoods. A main finding of our study is that homelessness and residential transience are integral components of HCV and HIV risk, mediated through network size and syringe sharing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Studies frequently report associations between HCV infection and injection duration, injection frequency, cocaine injection, and sharing of syringes and other injection paraphernalia among persons who inject drugs (PWID; Boodram et al, 2010; Falster et al, 2009; Garfein et al, 1996; Hagan et al, 2001; Pouget et al, 2012; Thorpe et al, 2000). Recent trends show that although both HIV (Broz et al, 2014; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009) and HCV (Amon et al, 2008) prevalence have steadily declined among older PWID, high-incidence of HCV infection (Page et al, 2009; Zibbell et al, 2015) and HCV outbreaks among younger PWID (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011; Leuchner et al, 2008) are occurring. In addition, IDU has been steadily increasing among youths (Chatterjee et al, 2011; Tempalski et al, 2013), and high levels of risky injection and sex behaviors continue to be reported in this group (Broz et al, 2014; Hahn et al, 2010; Rondinelli et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent trends show that although both HIV (Broz et al, 2014; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009) and HCV (Amon et al, 2008) prevalence have steadily declined among older PWID, high-incidence of HCV infection (Page et al, 2009; Zibbell et al, 2015) and HCV outbreaks among younger PWID (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011; Leuchner et al, 2008) are occurring. In addition, IDU has been steadily increasing among youths (Chatterjee et al, 2011; Tempalski et al, 2013), and high levels of risky injection and sex behaviors continue to be reported in this group (Broz et al, 2014; Hahn et al, 2010; Rondinelli et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concurrent with these trends has been a demographic and geographic shift in the profile of young PWID across the United States (U.S.), who are increasingly from suburban communities and predominantly non-Hispanic (NH) white (Armstrong, 2007; Broz and Ouellet, 2008; Broz et al, 2014; Neaigus et al, 2006; Prussing et al, 2014). In the few recent U.S. studies that specifically focused on young PWID (≤ 30 years old), NH-whites were the dominant racial/ethnic group, and African Americans constituted only small fractions of the samples (Garfein et al, 2007; Hahn et al, 2010; Ochoa et al, 2001; Pugatch, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of social networks and geography on risky injection behaviors of young persons who inject drugs

Boodram

Mackesy‐Amiti

Latkin

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Little is known about young persons who inject drugs (PWID), who are increasingly from suburban communities and predominantly non-Hispanic white. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional personal network (egocentric) and geographic study of young PWID and their drug-using, sexual, and support network members in 2012-13 in metropolitan Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Results We enrolled 164 young (median age=26), mostly male (65%), non-Hispanic white PWID (71%), with a self-reported HCV prevalence of 13%. Many (59%) reported multiple residences (i.e., were transient) in the past year, 45% of whom reported living in both urban and suburban places (i.e., were cross-over transients). In multivariable analyses that adjusted for participant and network member characteristics, (1) large injection networks were more common among homeless participants; and (2) syringe sharing was (a) highest among cross-over transients compared to suburban (OR = 4.19 95% CI 1.69 – 10.35) and urban only residents (OR = 2.91 95% CI 1.06 – 8.03), (b) higher among HCV-unknown compared HCV-negative participants (OR = 4.62 95% CI 1.69-10.35), (c) more likely with network members who were cross-over transients compared to urban (OR = 4.94, 95% CI 2.17 – 11.23) and (d) less likely with network members with HCV-unknown compared to HCV-negative status (OR = 0.4 95% CI 0.19 – 0.84). Conclusions We identified homelessness as a significant risk factor for large networks and cross-over transience as a significant risk factor for syringe sharing. Further research is needed to understand the role of geographic factors promoting higher risk among these crossover transient PWID.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of social networks and geography on risky injection behaviors of young persons who inject drugs

Boodram

Mackesy‐Amiti

Latkin

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Black PWID tend to be older, and fewer report sharing syringes than do Hispanics or whites (12). Encouraging trends in use of SSPs and receipt of all syringes from sterile sources contribute to reducing the risk for HIV among black PWID.…”

Section: Conclusion and Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vital Signs: Trends in HIV Diagnoses, Risk Behaviors, and Prevention Among Persons Who Inject Drugs — United States

Wejnert

Hess

Hall

et al. 2016

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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Young people who inject drugs in India have high HIV incidence and behavioural risk: a cross‐sectional study

et al. 2019

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Introduction There are limited data on young people who inject drugs ( PWID ) from low‐ and middle‐income countries where injection drug use remains a key driver of new HIV infections. India has a diverse injection drug use epidemic and estimates suggest that at least half of PWID are ≤30 years of age. We compared injection and sexual risk behaviours and HIV incidence between younger and older PWID and characterized uptake of HIV testing and harm reduction services to inform targeted HIV prevention efforts. Methods We analysed cross‐sectional data from 14,381 PWID recruited from cities in the Northeast and North/Central regions of India in 2013 using respondent driven sampling ( RDS ). We compared “emerging‐adult” (18 to 24 years, 26% of sample) and “young‐adult” PWID (25 to 30 years, 30% of sample) to older PWID (>30 years, 44% of sample) using logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with three recent risk behaviours: needle‐sharing, multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex. We estimated age‐stratified cross‐sectional HIV incidence using a validated multi‐assay algorithm. Results Compared to older adults, emerging‐adults in the Northeastern states were significantly more likely to share needles (males adjusted odds ratio [ aOR ] 1.82; females aOR 2.29, p < 0.01), have multiple sexual partners (males aOR 1.56; females aOR 3.75, p < 0.01), and engage in unprotected sex (males aOR 2.29, p < 0.01). In the North/Central states, young‐adult males were significantly more likely to needle‐share ( aOR 1.23, p < 0.05) while emerging‐adult males were significantly more likely to have multiple sexual partners ( aOR 1.74, p < 0.05). In both regions, emerging‐adults had the lowest HIV testing. Participation in harm reduction services was low across all age groups. Annual HIV incidence was higher in emerging‐ and young‐adult PWID in the North/Central region: emerging‐adults: 4.3% (95% confidence interval [ CI ] 3.0, 5.6); young‐adults: 4.9% (95% CI 3.7, 6.2); older adults: 2.1% (95% CI 1.4, 2.8). Conclusions Higher HIV incidence an...

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Prevalence of HIV Infection and Risk Behaviors Among Younger and Older Injecting Drug Users in the United States, 2009

Cited by 45 publications

References 82 publications

The role of social networks and geography on risky injection behaviors of young persons who inject drugs

The role of social networks and geography on risky injection behaviors of young persons who inject drugs

Vital Signs: Trends in HIV Diagnoses, Risk Behaviors, and Prevention Among Persons Who Inject Drugs — United States

Young people who inject drugs in India have high HIV incidence and behavioural risk: a cross‐sectional study

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