Outbreak of herpangina in the Brazilian Amazon in 2009 caused by Enterovirus B

Oliveira, Danilo Bretas de; Campos, Rafael K.; Soares, Matheus Schmidt; Barros, R. B.; Batista, Twiggy Cristina Alves; Ferreira, P. C. P.; Bonjardim, Cláudio Antônio; Trindade, Giliane S.; Abrahão, Jônatas Santos; Kroon, Erna Geessien

doi:10.1007/s00705-013-1858-5

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As reported in a previous study, herpangina was associated with different strains of enteroviruses, such as CVA2 in Taipei in 2008 16 , CVA5 in Korea in 2009 10 , CVA6 and CVA10 in France in 2010 17 , Coxsackievirus A8 in Thailand in 2012 11 , Coxsackievirus A9 in Brazilian Amazon in 2014 12 and in Japan during 2000–2005. There are also some reports about enterovirus infections caused by CVA5, CVA6 and CVA10 18 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Herpangina, generally considered as one of the asymptomatic and self-limiting infectious diseases in patients with mild clinical complications, can be curedcompletely within 5–7 days after infection 10 . Outbreaks of herpangina were reported in many cities, what’s more, many subtypes of EVs were identified as the pathogens causing herpangina, such as CVA, CVB, and echovirus 10 11 12 . In this article, we displayed a large outbreak of herpangina in children in the summer of 2015 in Hangzhou, China.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Large outbreak of herpangina in children caused by enterovirus in summer of 2015 in Hangzhou, China

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Herpangina, usually caused by coxsackie virus A, is prevalent in children spreading through the fecal-oral transmission and the respiratory droplets dissemination. Also, it is mostly asymptomatic and self-limiting. In our study, we found that large outbreak of herpangina in children occurred in the summer of 2015 in Hangzhou, China. From May 1th to August 31th, a total of 10 210 children were diagnosed with herpangina in Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 2 310 throat swabs were collected and tested for enterovirus detection by real-time RT-PCR, while 1 651 cases were positive with the rate of 71.5%. Based on VP1 gene or 5′UTR region sequences, Coxsackievirus A2, A4, A6, A10, B2, B4 and echovirus 30 were detected in these cases. More importantly, Coxsackievirus A2 may be the major subtype of enterovirus resulting in children with herpangina in hangzhou, China.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

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confidence: 99%

Large outbreak of herpangina in children caused by enterovirus in summer of 2015 in Hangzhou, China

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…These observations were later supported by investigating the mechanisms of crosscontamination (Gormley et al, 2012;Gormley et al, 2014). Previously, other viruses were also found to be transmitted via fecal-oral route such as gastroenteritis viruses (Graham et al, 1994;Chan et al, 2006), adenoviruses (Reynolds, 2004), and enteroviruses (Klemola et al, 2008;Oliveira et al, 2014). Although no concrete evidence exists for the spread of SARS-CoV-2, these aspects are important to consider to understand the future of SARS-CoV-2 (Gormley et al, 2020).…”

Section: Fecal-oral Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via fecal-oral and aerosols–borne routes: Environmental dynamics and implications for wastewater management in underprivileged societies

Arslan

El-Din

2020

Science of The Total Environment

137

121

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“…Herpangina was ranked as the eighth most frequently reported primary disease treated with vidarabine. Herpangina, characterized by multiple oral ulcers and mainly affecting the posterior region of the oral cavity, 57,58 is primarily caused by enterovirus, not the herpes virus 52,59‐61 . Enterovirus is an RNA virus and is insensitive to vidarabine treatment 26,39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaining insight into irrational off‐label use of vidarabine through analysis of a spontaneous reporting system in China

Deng

et al. 2020

J Clin Pharm Ther

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What is known and objective Although superseded by other antiviral agents in many Western countries, vidarabine is still widely used in some countries, including China; hence, the extent and appropriateness of vidarabine prescriptions in children require better characterization. This study examined the rationale, extent, and health risks associated with irrational off‐label vidarabine use in China. Methods Data used in the study were extracted from a multi‐provincial joint adverse drug reactions monitoring platform from 2002 to 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the characteristics of individual case safety reports (ICSRs) related to vidarabine use. Results and discussion Among 2772 individual ICSRs related to vidarabine, 2223 (80.19%) cases occurred in patients aged 0‐9. In all patients, the median age and interquartile range were 2 (0‐6). Although most adverse events were mild, five deaths were recorded, all in children below 7 years of age. Paediatric use is the most prominent off‐label use of vidarabine. Additionally, several other irrational off‐label uses were identified, including 218 (7.86%) cases of overdosing and numerous applications beyond the approved indications, dosages, routes of administration, and solvents. What is new and conclusion Data indicate that vidarabine was mainly prescribed for suspected common viral infections in paediatric patients, demonstrating serious inappropriate off‐label uses. The problem was further complicated by the lack of sufficient information regarding safety, efficacy, and dosing regimens in children, as well as by several additional risk factors such as inappropriate solvents, routes of administration, and overdose. In the case of children, the physicians’ lack of understanding of antiviral activities and compassionate prescriptions were mainly responsible for drug overuse. The health risks associated with the paediatric use of vidarabine in China require greater attention and further investigation.

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Outbreak of herpangina in the Brazilian Amazon in 2009 caused by Enterovirus B

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Large outbreak of herpangina in children caused by enterovirus in summer of 2015 in Hangzhou, China

Large outbreak of herpangina in children caused by enterovirus in summer of 2015 in Hangzhou, China

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via fecal-oral and aerosols–borne routes: Environmental dynamics and implications for wastewater management in underprivileged societies

Gaining insight into irrational off‐label use of vidarabine through analysis of a spontaneous reporting system in China

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