Manipulation of culture strategies to enhance capsaicin biosynthesis in suspension and immobilized cell cultures of Capsicum chinense Jacq. cv. Naga King Chili

Abstract

Manipulation of culture strategies was adopted to study the influence of nutrient stress, pH stress and precursor feeding on the biosynthesis of capsaicin in suspension and immobilized cell cultures of C. chinense. Cells cultured in the absence of one of the four nutrients (ammonium and potassium nitrate for nitrate and potassium stress, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate for phosphorus stress, and sucrose for sugar stress) influenced the accumulation of capsaicin. Among the stress factors studied, nitrate stress showed maximal capsaicin production on day 20 (505.9 ± 2.8 μg g(-1) f.wt) in immobilized cell, whereas in suspension cultures the maximum accumulation (345.5 ± 2.9 μg g(-1) f.wt) was obtained on day 10. Different pH affected capsaicin accumulation; enhanced accumulation of capsaicin (261.6 ± 3.4 μg g(-1) f.wt) was observed in suspension cultures at pH 6 on day 15, whereas in case of immobilized cultures the highest capsaicin content (433.3 ± 3.3 μg g(-1) f.wt) was obtained at pH 5 on day 10. Addition of capsaicin precursors and intermediates significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of capsaicin, incorporation of vanillin at 100 μM in both suspension and immobilized cell cultures resulted in maximum capsaicin content with 499.1 ± 5.5 μg g(-1) f.wt on day 20 and 1,315.3 ± 10 μg g(-1) f.wt on day 10, respectively. Among the different culture strategies adopted to enhance capsaicin biosynthesis in cell cultures of C. chinense, cells fed with vanillin resulted in the maximum capsaicin accumulation. The rate of capsaicin production was significantly higher in immobilized cells as compared to freely suspended cells.

A Comprehensive View of Expression Profiles Dynamics of Capsaicinoid Biosynthesis-Related Genes during Pepper Fruit Development and under MeJA Treatment

“…MeJA has been shown to play an important role inducing the accumulation of a wide range of plant secondary metabolites, such as lignin, phytoalexins, flavonoids, pigments, isoprenoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, terpenes [3,38,39,47,48]. A higher level of capsaicinoid production in cell suspension after treatment with MeJA has also been observed [37,40,49].…”

“…In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that both biotic and abiotic elicitors such as Ag + , Co 2+ , β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), methyl jasmonate (MeAJ), and salicylic acid (SA) can stimulate biosynthesis of secondary bioactive components in plants [35][36][37][38][39]. Several studies have confirmed that MeJA can up-regulated the activities of CaPAL and CaCOMT and enhance capsaicin production in cell suspension cultures of Capsicum.…”

Impact of Abiotic Elicitors on In vitro Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Review

“…Sucrose is a typical osmotic stress agent used for the induction of water stress in plants that also serves as a vital carbon and energy source. The influence of osmotic stress enhanced the accumulation of capsaicin in cell suspension cultures of Capsicum chinensis [42]. It also enhanced the production of steviol glycosides content in both callus as well as suspension culture of Stevia rebaudiana [43].…”

Bioactive Natural Products from Plants and Biotechnological Approaches for their Production

“…Taxol (plaxitaxol): The bark of the taxus tree (Taxus wallichiana) produces a complex diterpene alkaloid which is a potent anticancer agent because of its unique mode of action on Artemisia annua Artemisinin Callus [66] Artemisia Annua Artemisinin Callus [67] Aspidosperma ramiflorum Ramiflorin Callus [68] Azadirachta indica Azadirachtin Suspension [69] Azadirachta indica Azadirachtin Anther culture [70] Azadirachta indica Azadirachtin Suspension [71] Azadirachta indica Azadirachtin Hairy root [72] Azadirachta indica Azadirachtin Hairy root [73] Brucea javanica Cathin Suspension [74] Bupleurum falcatum Saikosaponins Root [75] Bupleurum chinensis Saikosaponins Root [76] Camellia chinensis Flavones Callus [77] Capsicum annum Capsiacin Callus [78] Capsicum chinense Capsiacin Suspension [79] Capsicum chinense Capsiacin Cotyledon [80] Capsicum chinense Capsiacin Suspension [81] Cassia acutifolia Anthraquinones Suspension [82] Aloe barbadensis Anthraquinone Callus [83] Morinda citrifola Anthraquinone Suspension [84] ( Table 1). Continued.…”

“…Biotransformation of externally fed protocatechuic aldehyde and caffeic acid to capsaicin in freely suspended cells and immobilized cells cultures of C. frutescenshas also been reported [143]. Manipulation of culture strategies were adopted to study the influence of nutrient stress, pH stress and precursor feeding on the biosynthesis of capsaicin in suspension and immobilized cell cultures of C. chinense [80]. Cells cultured in the absence of one of the four nutrients (ammonium and potassium nitrate for nitrate and potassium stress, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate for phosphorus stress, and sucrose for sugar stress) influenced the accumulation of capsaicin.…”