Characteristics of the variance effective population size over time using an age structured model with variable size

Equilibrium distributions and simulation methods for age structured populations

“…Following [17], the time dynamics of the population size can also be described using matrix population models (cf. [1]).…”

“…For instance, if they are used as weights when calculating the variance effective population size it is possible to determine the long term genetic drift [5,11,17,20].…”

“…In the last step we assumed that (8) and in order for the sum in (8) to converge, it is necessary that |λ 1 | 2 < λ = λ 0 , see [17]. Hence,…”

A new general analytical approach for modeling patterns of genetic differentiation and effective size of subdivided populations over time

“…This is used in [75] to extend an approach of [38] for homogeneous populations by estimating (34), and hence also (35), from the genetic drift of (77), averaged over several loci. It turns out that the choice of subpopulation weights w i is important, and the long term genetic drift (as quantified by N eE ) can be estimated even from short time intervals with reproductive weights (45), for a population of constant size, see [73]. Third, one may study the effect of mutation on effective size, and definitions (25), (28) or (30) …”

“…As a consequence, N e of the whole system will fluctuate as well, as we will see below. For this reason we generalize a new approach initiated in [73] for age structured models and variance effective sizes, and report N e as a function of the time interval under which genetic loss takes place. Similarly, the predicted G ST depends on when the forecast is made, and it can therefore be computed as a function of the distance between the present and the time point of prediction.…”