Decoding facial blends of emotion: Visual field, attentional and hemispheric biases

Ross, Elliott D.; Shayya, Luay; Champlain, Amanda; Monnot, Marilee; Prodan, Călin I.

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2013.09.001

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…A contraction of this muscle causes the distinctive crow’s feet wrinkle that serve as the marker for a genuine smile. Thus it can be said that one’s true emotion (or hidden intention) is represented in the upper half of a smile 14 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we focus on this dynamic aspect of facial expressions and propose a novel hypothesis to explain the persistent difficulty in authenticity judgements: even when the true emotion of a person is momentarily revealed on his/her face, its conscious detection is inhibited by follow-up movements in other parts of the face, thereby making observers less sensitive to his/her genuine emotions. Since the leakage of true emotions frequently occurs in the upper half of one’s face 14 16 , a prime candidate to obscure these emotions would be mouth movements in the adjacent, lower, half. This seems especially likely, considering that the smiling mouth is the most salient feature of all facial expressions 35 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hiding true emotions: micro-expressions in eyes retrospectively concealed by mouth movements

Iwasaki

Noguchi

2016

Sci Rep

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When we encounter someone we dislike, we may momentarily display a reflexive disgust expression, only to follow-up with a forced smile and greeting. Our daily lives are replete with a mixture of true and fake expressions. Nevertheless, are these fake expressions really effective at hiding our true emotions? Here we show that brief emotional changes in the eyes (micro-expressions, thought to reflect true emotions) can be successfully concealed by follow-up mouth movements (e.g. a smile). In the same manner as backward masking, mouth movements of a face inhibited conscious detection of all types of micro-expressions in that face, even when viewers paid full attention to the eye region. This masking works only in a backward direction, however, because no disrupting effect was observed when the mouth change preceded the eye change. These results provide scientific evidence for everyday behaviours like smiling to dissemble, and further clarify a major reason for the difficulty we face in discriminating genuine from fake emotional expressions.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Hiding true emotions: micro-expressions in eyes retrospectively concealed by mouth movements

Iwasaki

Noguchi

2016

Sci Rep

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“…Not surprisingly, other than the partial asymmetries of the left/right hemiface, upper and lower parts of the face would also express the “partial asymmetries” for the perception of emotions [65–67]. Ross et al [66, 67] claimed overwhelmingly independent motor control of the upper and lower face in the studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Happiness Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technology

Hao

Liu

Gokhale

et al. 2019

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology can be used to detect human emotions based on the power of material discrimination from their faces. In this paper, HSI is used to remotely sense and distinguish blood chromophores in facial tissues and acquire an evaluation indicator (tissue oxygen saturation, StO2) using an optical absorption model. This study explored facial analysis while people were showing spontaneous expressions of happiness during social interaction. Happiness, as a psychological emotion, has been shown to be strongly linked to other activities such as physiological reaction and facial expression. Moreover, facial expression as a communicative motor behavior likely arises from musculoskeletal anatomy, neuromuscular activity, and individual personality. This paper quantified the neuromotor movements of tissues surrounding some regions of interest (ROIs) on smiling happily. Next, we selected six regions—the forehead, eye, nose, cheek, mouth, and chin—according to a facial action coding system (FACS). Nineteen segments were subsequently partitioned from the above ROIs. The affective data (StO2) of 23 young adults were acquired by HSI while the participants expressed emotions (calm or happy), and these were used to compare the significant differences in the variations of StO2 between the different ROIs through repeated measures analysis of variance. Results demonstrate that happiness causes different distributions in the variations of StO2 for the above ROIs; these are explained in depth in the article. This study establishes that facial tissue oxygen saturation is a valid and reliable physiological indicator of happiness and merits further research.

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“…The second hypothesis—the upper‐lower facial axis hypothesis of emotional expression—is related to the theory that the left hemisphere preferentially processes voluntary, social emotional displays, which are enacted by the lower hemiface. Ross et al, in a series of publications (see, e.g., Ross et al, , , , Ross and Pulusu, ), have argued that emotional displays in the upper hemiface are preferentially processed by the right hemisphere, whereas emotional displays in the lower hemiface are processed by the left hemisphere. This hypothesis is also supported by the different neuroanatomical connections for the upper vs. the lower face discussed above.…”

Section: Dissociation Between Voluntary and Emotional Facial Innervatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical control of facial expression

Müri

2016

J of Comparative Neurology

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The present topical review deals with the motor control of facial expressions in humans. Recent studies in non-human primates and humans revealed that the motor control of facial expressions has a distributed neural representation. At least 5 cortical regions on the medial and lateral aspects of each hemisphere are involved: the primary motor cortex, the ventral lateral premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area on the medial wall, and, finally, the rostral and caudal cingulate cortex. The results of studies in humans and non-human primates suggest that the innervation of the face is bilaterally controlled for the upper part, and mainly contralaterally controlled for the lower part.Furthermore, the primary motor cortex, the ventral lateral premotor cortex, and the supplementary motor area are essential for the voluntary control of facial expressions.In contrast, the cingulate cortical areas are important for emotional expression, since they receive input from different structures of the limbic system.

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Decoding facial blends of emotion: Visual field, attentional and hemispheric biases

Cited by 12 publications

References 85 publications

Hiding true emotions: micro-expressions in eyes retrospectively concealed by mouth movements

Hiding true emotions: micro-expressions in eyes retrospectively concealed by mouth movements

Detecting Happiness Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technology

Cortical control of facial expression

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