Biological monitoring and health effects of low-level exposure to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Biological monitoring, primarily urinary 2-HMSI (mg/l; before next shift), is of value to estimate exposure to NMP even when exposure is irregular and low. Likelihood ratios of urinary 5-HMNP or 2-HMSI are, however, not quite satisfactory at these low levels. No irritant or other health effects were found.

Alternative binders for sustainable electrochemical energy storage – the transition to aqueous electrode processing and bio-derived polymers

“…A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA), studying the impact of the transition from NMP to water, showed substantially reduced emissions of CO 2 equivalents for the latter. [5][6][7][8]10 Most importantly, NMP is an hazardous, teratogenic and irritating compound, while PVdF is mutagenic and teratogenic. 8 As a consequence, several countries like the USA 11 or the European Union (EU) 12 started to limit the use of NMP to a minimum.…”

Efficient Conversion of Glucose into Fructose via Extraction-Assisted Isomerization Catalyzed by Endogenous Polyamine Spermine in the Aqueous Phase

“…27 Polar aprotic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide and Nmethyl-2-pyrrolidone, have been commonly used in the conventional studies owing to its higher monomeric sugars dissolution capacity, 28−30 but those offer significant complications because of its high boiling point (189−204 °C) property and other toxic side effects. 31 In an alternative, recent studies have extensively explored the use of lower alcohols in the carbohydrate conversion processes and achieved impressive yield results. For instance, highest fructose yield (56% wt) and product selectivity (80%) was achieved over hydrotalcite heterogeneous catalyst in ethanol medium, wherein the layered hydroxide structure exhibited the basic sites for effective glucose isomerization.…”

“…Likewise, organic solvents also help in shifting the equilibrium between glucose and fructose molecules toward the latter, that is, in favor of fructose; as a result, improved productivity is achieved well above the theoretical yield . Polar aprotic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide and N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone, have been commonly used in the conventional studies owing to its higher monomeric sugars dissolution capacity, − but those offer significant complications because of its high boiling point (189–204 °C) property and other toxic side effects . In an alternative, recent studies have extensively explored the use of lower alcohols in the carbohydrate conversion processes and achieved impressive yield results.…”

A Review on Green Polymer Binder-based Electrodes and Electrolytes for All Solid-State Li-ion batteries

“…As compared with the traditional binder such as PVDF, the water-based binders provide significant enhancements in safety, electrochemical performance, and lowering the manufacturing cost. A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) study shows that switching to water from NMP gradually decreases the releases of CO2 [24][25][26][27][28]. The manufacturing cost of the LIB mainly depends on the usage, dehydrating, and rescue of the organic solvent [29][30][31].…”