High clustering rates of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisgenotypes in Panama

Rosas, Samantha; Bravo, J. L.; Gonzalez, Franklin; Moreno, Nora De; Sánchez, Joel Varona; Gavilán, Ronnie G.; Goodridge, Amador

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-442

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Due to its key location at the isthmus between North and South America, Panama has undergone great demographic and population changes of diverse geographic origins, which has probably affected the composition of circulating MTB strains. Few and discontinuous efforts have been made to genotypically characterize MTB isolates, mainly on convenience samples (Rosas et al, 2013;Sambrano et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probable long-term prevalence for a predominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clone of a Beijing genotype in Colon, Panama

Acosta

Norman

Sambrano

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Beijing genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains associate with increased virulence, resistance, and/or higher transmission rates. This study describes a specific Beijing strain predominantly identified in the Panamanian province of Colon with one of the highest incidence of tuberculosis in the country. Retrospective Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit/Variable-Number of Tandem Repeats analysis of 42 isolates collected between January-August 2018, allowed to identify a cluster (Beijing A) with 17 (40.5%) Beijing isolates. Subsequent prospective strain-specific PCR based surveillance from September 2019 to March 2020, confirmed the predominance of the Beijing A strain (44.1%) in this province. Whole genome sequencing revealed higher-thanexpected diversity within the cluster, suggesting long-term prevalence of this strain and low number of cases caused by recent transmission. The Beijing A strain belongs to the Asian African 3 (Bmyc13, L2.2.5) branch of the modern Beijing sublineage, with their closest isolates corresponding to cases from Vietnam, probably introduced in Panama between 2000 and 2012.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probable long-term prevalence for a predominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clone of a Beijing genotype in Colon, Panama

Acosta

Norman

Sambrano

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…To characterize the Mycobacterium-like organisms, samples of granulomas from liver, spleen, lymph node, hilum and intestine were submitted for molecular identification. Enzymatic DNA extraction using lysozymes was performed according to the protocol described by Rosas et al [18]. Molecular identification was based on PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA) of the hsp65 as previously described [22,23].…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Mycobacteriosis in a Rescued Harpy Eagle from Darien Forest, Panama

Rengifo-Herrera¹,

Herrera²,

Magaña³

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:The Harpy eagle (Harpia harpyia) is the largest raptor in the Neotropical region, distributed in low densities within primary forest habitats from southern Mexico to east-central Brazil, including Central America and Panama. Although locally extinct due to habitat degradation, human poaching and reduction of tropical forests in recent decades, some remnant populations are known to be small and isolated. Thus, information on its ecology, including infectious diseases, is critical for conservation efforts and management of populations of this emblematic species in the wild. Avian Mycobacteriosis (AM) is a chronic disease affecting a wide range of birds and mammals and clinical cases have been sporadically reported, although in harpy eagles, has not been documented. In addition, scant information exists on pathologies affecting raptors, therefore, this report expands the knowledge on infectious diseases affecting wild birds. This study describes the first case of AM in an immature harpy eagle rescued from Darien gap and presents details of the clinical manifestation of the disease and its histological findings. Case: An immature harpy eagle was presented to a rescue center after being confiscated by Ministry of Environment from a local farm in a remote region of Eastern Panama, in the Darien gap. The raptor had a history of having been kept in captivity for approximately five weeks, cohabiting with backyard poultry and fed corn, raw duck and chicken provided by farm owners. Stagnant water was offered for drinking. The harpy eagle arrived to the facility very lethargic and emaciated. Physical examination revealed damaged plumage, poor body condition and dyspnea. Complete blood count revealed anemia and leukocytosis based on lymphocytosis and eosinophilia. Biochemical profile evidenced an increased level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), phosphorus and total plasma protein. Most remarkable radiographic findings were splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and increased opacity in kidneys, intestines, and aerial sacs. None of the other diagnostic tests performed were conclusive, like tracheal, esophageal and cloacal cultures for fungal infection and fecal exam. After one week of treatment, it showed a remarkable recovery, but at the end of the second week, declined dramatically, dying in the third week of treatment. Post-mortem examination revealed the presence of diffuse granulomas in multiple organs. Histologic examination with gram and Ziehl Neelsen staining revealed the presence of gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria, compatible with Mycobacterium-like bacilli. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the hsp65, digested with BstEII and HaEIII restriction enzymes confirmed the presence Mycobacterium avium complex in tissues samples. Discussion: This is the first report of AM in a harpy eagle, presenting an extreme emaciation with dyspnea, abnormalities in spleen, liver and air sacs. Biochemical and hematological parameters revealed alterations consistent with infection and organ malfunctions in li...

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“…Although it began as a relatively insignificant disease during the 1980s, HIV prevalence has since escalated to become one of the leading, global causes of morbidity and mortality [2,3]. For example, the World Health Organization [4] reported that by the end of 2015 there were 36.9 million HIV-positive individuals globally, while 1.2 million deaths occurred as a result of HIV-related causes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol Co-Treatment Attenuates the Effects of HIV Protease Inhibitors on Rat Body Weight and Enhances Cardiac Mitochondrial Respiration

et al. 2017

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Since the early 1990s human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) emerged as a global health pandemic, with sub-Saharan Africa the hardest hit. While the successful roll-out of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy provided significant relief to HIV-positive individuals, such treatment can also elicit damaging side-effects. Here especially HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) are implicated in the onset of cardio-metabolic complications such as type-2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. As there is a paucity of data regarding suitable co-treatments within this context, this preclinical study investigated whether resveratrol (RSV), aspirin (ASP) or vitamin C (VitC) co-treatment is able to blunt side-effects in a rat model of chronic PI exposure (Lopinavir/Ritonavir treatment for 4 months). Body weights and weight gain, blood metabolite levels (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides), echocardiography and cardiac mitochondrial respiration were assessed in PI-treated rats ± various co-treatments. Our data reveal that PI treatment significantly lowered body weight and cardiac respiratory function while no significant changes were found for heart function and blood metabolite levels. Moreover, all co-treatments ameliorated the PI-induced decrease in body weight after 4 months of PI treatment, while RSV co-treatment enhanced cardiac mitochondrial respiratory capacity in PI-treated rats. This pilot study therefore provides novel hypotheses regarding RSV co-treatment that should be further assessed in greater detail.

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High clustering rates of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisgenotypes in Panama

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Probable long-term prevalence for a predominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clone of a Beijing genotype in Colon, Panama

Probable long-term prevalence for a predominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clone of a Beijing genotype in Colon, Panama

Avian Mycobacteriosis in a Rescued Harpy Eagle from Darien Forest, Panama

Resveratrol Co-Treatment Attenuates the Effects of HIV Protease Inhibitors on Rat Body Weight and Enhances Cardiac Mitochondrial Respiration

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