Abstract:We report herein the design of plasmonic hollow nanoreactors capable of concentrating light at the nanometer scale for the simultaneous performance and optical monitoring of thermally activated reactions. These reactors feature the encapsulation of plasmonic nanoparticles on the inner walls of a mesoporous silica capsule. A Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction was carried out in the inner cavities of these nanoreactors to evidence their efficacy. Thus, it is demonstrated that reactions can be accomplished in a c… Show more
“…[20] The numerical solution of the Poisson equation gives us an estimation of the temperature inside the capsule upon illumination with NIR light (785 nm; Figure S3). [21] This theoretical simulation of the thermal properties shows that while the temperature of the aqueous solution in the interior of the capsule is rising to 90 8C, the conductive heat transfer to the lysosomal solution is completely hindered by the highly insulating silica shell, thus avoiding damages in the cell. [22] The generation of heat has three important consequences.…”
An optical sensor was developed for the quantitative determination of intracellular nitric oxide. The sensor consists of plasmonic nanoprobes that have a coating of mesoporous silica and an inner gold island film functionalized with a chemoreceptor for NO.
“…[20] The numerical solution of the Poisson equation gives us an estimation of the temperature inside the capsule upon illumination with NIR light (785 nm; Figure S3). [21] This theoretical simulation of the thermal properties shows that while the temperature of the aqueous solution in the interior of the capsule is rising to 90 8C, the conductive heat transfer to the lysosomal solution is completely hindered by the highly insulating silica shell, thus avoiding damages in the cell. [22] The generation of heat has three important consequences.…”
An optical sensor was developed for the quantitative determination of intracellular nitric oxide. The sensor consists of plasmonic nanoprobes that have a coating of mesoporous silica and an inner gold island film functionalized with a chemoreceptor for NO.
“…The enhanced light absorption of NPs provides a way to control thermal-induced phenomena at the nanoscale. 24–26 In many instances local heating is beneficial, such as for heat-assisted catalysis, 20, 27–28 nanofabrication, 29 optical injection of NPs into cells 30 and photothermal therapy. 21–23 For other applications, local heating may cause unwanted physical or chemical changes.…”
The optical properties of plasmonic nanoparticles are strongly dependent on interactions with other nanoparticles, which complicates analysis for systems larger than a few particles. In this work we examined heat dissipation in aggregated nanoparticles, and its influence on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), through correlated photothermal heterodyne imaging, electron microscopy and SERS measurements. For dimers the per particle absorption cross-sections show evidence of interparticle coupling, however, the effects are much smaller than those for the field enhancements that are important for SERS. For larger aggregates the total absorption was observed to be simply proportional to aggregate volume. This observation allows us to model light absorption and heating in the aggregates by assuming that the particles act as independent heat sources. The heat dissipation calculations show that very high temperatures can be created at the nanoparticle surface, and that the temperature decreases with increasing thermal conductivity of the surroundings. This is in agreement with the SERS measurements that show faster signal degradation for air compared to water environments.
“…The most common approach uses the photothermal effect, namely the absorption of laser light by molecules or particles that convert this energy into heat. Applications of nanoscale heat generation include photothermal cancer therapy,1 photoacoustic imaging,2 drug delivery,3 tissue repair,4 photothermal reactions,5 and polymer welding 6…”
The photothermal effect is the generation of heat by molecules or particles upon high-energy laser irradiation, and near-infrared absorbers such as gold nanoparticles and organic dyes have a range of potential photothermal applications. The favourable photothermal properties of thiophene-functionalised croconaine dyes were recently discovered. The synthesis and properties of novel croconaine rotaxane and pseudorotaxane architectures capable of efficient photothermal performance in both organic and aqueous environments are reported. The versatility of this dye-encapsulation strategy was demonstrated by the preparation of two organic croconaine rotaxanes using different synthetic methods: the formation of an aqueous pseudorotaxane association complex, and the synthesis of water-soluble, croconaine-doped silicated micelle nanoparticles. All of these near-infrared-absorbing systems exhibit excellent photothermal behaviour, with pseudorotaxane and rotaxane formation vital for effective aqueous heat generation. Dye encapsulation provides steric protection to enhance the stability of a water-sensitive croconaine dye, while rotaxane-doped nanoparticles avoid detrimental band broadening caused by chromophore coupling.
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