Verticillium Suppression Is Associated with the Glucosinolate Composition of Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves

Witzel, Katja; Hanschen, Franziska S.; Schreiner, Monika; Krumbein, Angelika; Ruppel, Silke; Grosch, Rita

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071877

Cited by 33 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…The shift in allyl GLS hydrolysis in shoot tissue was accompanied with reduced formation of both Allyl-ITC and Allyl-CN in the transgenic lines. Since the overall amount of allyl GLS in roots is 10-times lower as compared to shoots (Witzel et al, 2013), the detection of respective breakdown products in wildtype and transgenic lines was near the method detection limit, resulting in substantial standard deviations. Nonetheless, ESP activity was increased in BoESP1-3 transformants, as compared to the wildtype.…”

Section: Expression Of Boesp1-3 In a Thaliana Hi-0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of Three Epithiospecifier Protein Isoforms in Brassica oleracea

et al. 2019

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Section: Expression Of Boesp1-3 In a Thaliana Hi-0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of Three Epithiospecifier Protein Isoforms in Brassica oleracea

et al. 2019

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“…Natural variation in both glucosinolate biosynthesis and breakdown genes generates an astonishing structural diversity of product profiles upon activation in different accessions of A. thaliana (Lambrix et al, 2001; Zhang et al, 2006; Wentzell and Kliebenstein, 2008; Witzel et al, 2013, 2015). Within a single accession, glucosinolate profiles are developmentally and organ-specifically regulated and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses (Harada et al, 2000; Brader et al, 2001; Petersen et al, 2002; Brown et al, 2003; Witzel et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within a single accession, glucosinolate profiles are developmentally and organ-specifically regulated and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses (Harada et al, 2000; Brader et al, 2001; Petersen et al, 2002; Brown et al, 2003; Witzel et al, 2013). Studies in A. thaliana and other species of the Brassicaceae suggest that breakdown product types are also determined organ-specifically and in response to herbivores and pathogens (Burow et al, 2007a,b; Wentzell and Kliebenstein, 2008; Burow et al, 2009; Kuchernig et al, 2011; Witzel et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NSP-Dependent Simple Nitrile Formation Dominates upon Breakdown of Major Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Roots, Seeds, and Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0

et al. 2016

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One of the best-studied plant defense systems, the glucosinolate-myrosinase system of the Brassicales, is composed of thioglucosides known as glucosinolates and their hydrolytic enzymes, the myrosinases. Tissue disruption brings these components together, and bioactive products are formed as a consequence of myrosinase-catalyzed glucosinolate hydrolysis. Among these products, isothiocyanates have attracted most interest as chemical plant defenses against herbivores and pathogens and health-promoting compounds in the human diet. Previous research has identified specifier proteins whose presence results in the formation of alternative product types, e.g., nitriles, at the expense of isothiocyanates. The biological roles of specifier proteins and alternative breakdown products are poorly understood. Here, we assessed glucosinolate breakdown product profiles obtained upon maceration of roots, seedlings and seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0. We identified simple nitriles as the predominant breakdown products of the major endogenous aliphatic glucosinolates in root, seed, and seedling homogenates. In agreement with this finding, genes encoding nitrile-specifier proteins (NSPs) are expressed in roots, seeds, and seedlings. Analysis of glucosinolate breakdown in mutants with T-DNA insertions in any of the five NSP genes demonstrated, that simple nitrile formation upon tissue disruption depended almost entirely on NSP2 in seeds and mainly on NSP1 in seedlings. In roots, about 70–80% of the nitrile-forming activity was due to NSP1 and NSP3. Thus, glucosinolate breakdown product profiles are organ-specifically regulated in A. thaliana Col-0, and high proportions of simple nitriles are formed in some parts of the plant. This should be considered in future studies on biological roles of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system.

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“…Due to their electrophilicity, GLSs in general and ITCs in particular act as effective deterrents against a multitude of pathogens as these compounds have antifungal, antimicrobial as well as insecticidal properties567. For humans, ITCs, such as the 4-(methylsulphinyl)butyl ITC (4MSOB-ITC), exert a multitude of health beneficial effects, including antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic and chemopreventive effects8910.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optimizing isothiocyanate formation during enzymatic glucosinolate breakdown by adjusting pH value, temperature and dilution in Brassica vegetables and Arabidopsis thaliana

Hanschen

Oliviero

Schreiner

et al. 2017

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Consumption of glucosinolate-rich Brassicales vegetables is associated with a decreased risk of cancer with enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates playing a key role. However, formation of health-promotingisothiocyanates is inhibited by the epithiospecifier protein in favour of nitriles and epithionitriles. Domestic processing conditions, such as changes in pH value, temperature or dilution, might also affect isothiocyanate formation. Therefore, the influences of these three factors were evaluated in accessions of Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, and Arabidopsis thaliana. Mathematical modelling was performed to determine optimal isothiocyanate formation conditions and to obtain knowledge on the kinetics of the reactions. At 22 °C and endogenous plant pH, nearly all investigated plants formed nitriles and epithionitriles instead of health-promoting isothiocyanates. Response surface models, however, clearly demonstrated that upon change in pH to domestic acidic (pH 4) or basic pH values (pH 8), isothiocyanate formation considerably increases. While temperature also affects this process, the pH value has the greatest impact. Further, a kinetic model showed that isothiocyanate formation strongly increases due to dilution. Finally, the results show that isothiocyanate intake can be strongly increased by optimizing the conditions of preparation of Brassicales vegetables.Brassicales plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana, broccoli, cabbage and pak choi contain glucosinolates (GLSs). These sulphur-containing secondary plant metabolites not only play an important role in the plant's defense against biotic stressors, but also affect the taste of these vegetables and contribute to human health 1 . To date, a total of 130 GLSs have been identified that can be subdivided according to the structure of their variable side chain into the group of aliphatic, aromatic or indole GLS 2 . These plant metabolites are stored in the plant vacuole or in specialized S-cells 3 , but upon cell disruption, they encounter the endogenous GLS-hydrolysing enzyme myrosinase, a β-d-thioglucosidase, and the GLSs will be hydrolysed to release isothiocyanates (ITCs), nitriles and epithionitriles (EPTs) 4 . Due to their electrophilicity, GLSs in general and ITCs in particular act as effective deterrents against a multitude of pathogens as these compounds have antifungal, antimicrobial as well as insecticidal properties [5][6][7] . For humans, ITCs, such as the 4-(methylsulphinyl)butyl ITC (4MSOB-ITC), exert a multitude of health beneficial effects, including antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic and chemopreventive effects [8][9][10]

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Verticillium Suppression Is Associated with the Glucosinolate Composition of Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves

Cited by 33 publications

References 78 publications

Identification and Characterization of Three Epithiospecifier Protein Isoforms in Brassica oleracea

Identification and Characterization of Three Epithiospecifier Protein Isoforms in Brassica oleracea

NSP-Dependent Simple Nitrile Formation Dominates upon Breakdown of Major Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Roots, Seeds, and Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0

Optimizing isothiocyanate formation during enzymatic glucosinolate breakdown by adjusting pH value, temperature and dilution in Brassica vegetables and Arabidopsis thaliana

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