24 Hour Periodicity and Experimental Medicine

Halberg, Franz; Howard, Robert B.

doi:10.1080/00325481.1958.11692235

Cited by 64 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The peak of p32 incorporation precedes the peak of mitosis by about 8 hours. Similarly mitoses in the skin epidermis and parenchyma and stroma cells of the adrenal cortex have a diurnal rhythm (13), although here the ratio of maximum to minimum is not so great as in the liver.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there "Metabolic" DNA in the Mouse Seminal Vesicle?

Gall

Johnson

1960

The Journal of Cell Biology

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This study was designed to answer the question: Is H3-thymidine uptake by nuclei of the mouse seminal vesicle evidence for DNA synthesis and mitosis, or does it signify some "metabolic" function of DNA unrelated to chromosome duplication?Mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of H3-thymidine. Six hours later Feulgen squashes of the seminal vesicle epithelium were made and covered with autoradiographie stripping film. The silver grains above labeled nuclei were counted, and the Feulgen dye contents of these same nuclei were determined photometrically after removal of the grains from the emulsion. Unlabeled nuclei were also measured.The dye contents of non-radioactive nuclei form a unimodal distribution, indicating that polyploidy is absent from this tissue. The radioactive nuclei fall into two groups. In the first, the average dye content is the same as that of the cold nuclei (2C). In the second, the values range from 2C to 4C.In the 2C to 4C group the grain count is proportional to the dye content, showing that incorporation is correlated with synthesis.The radioactive 2C nuclei arose by mitosis during the course of the experiment. This is shown by the following facts: (1) They frequently occur in pairs. (2) They average smaller than unlabeled 2C nuclei. (3) Their average grain count is approximately half that of the 4C nuclei. (4) Labeled division figures are found. (5) A mitotic rate estimated from the number of labeled 2C nuclei accords reasonably well with one based on the number of observed mitoses.Since the incorporation of thymidine accompanies DNA synthesis and precedes mitosis, there is no reason to postulate a special "metabolic" DNA in this tissue.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there "Metabolic" DNA in the Mouse Seminal Vesicle?

Gall

Johnson

1960

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…The rhythm in serum iron, for instance, might exhibit a phase-shift (22), but it persists under conditions of verified adrenocortical insufficiency-see Figure 16 (22,52). Under such conditions, the eosinophil rhythm, however, is obliterated in man-see Figure 17 (53,54); it is also altered in the dog (55) and in the mouse-see Figure 18 (27, 37); and similar findings have been reported for some excretory rhythms in man (8).…”

Section: A Temporal Organization Op Metabolism At the Cellular Levelmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Life or death from exposure to a variety ofagents can be recognized experimentally as dependent upon the phase relations among physiological rhythms (22). Figure 7 summarizes two experiments; it shows that conditions can be found under which circadian changes are made reasonably reproducible from one study to the next.…”

Section: Significance and Reproducibility Of Circadian Changes Inmentioning

confidence: 98%

The 24-Hour Scale: A Time Dimension of Adaptive Functional Organization

Halberg¹

1960

pbm

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“…Twenty-four-hour rhythms in mitotic activity have been demonstrated in the liver (Jaffe, 1954;Halberg, 1957), skin (Blumenfeld, 1939; Bullough, 1948), cornea (Vasama & Vasama, 1958), oesophageal and duodenal epithelium (Bullough, 1948), kidney (Blumenfeld, 1938), adrenal (Halberg & Howard, 1958;Halberg, Peterson & Silber, 1959) and other tissues (Halberg, .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…

Numerous authors have described the existence of a rhythm in the quantitative variation of different organic functions in a 24 hours' period (Kleithman, 1949;Halberg, 1953Halberg, , 1958Halberg & Howard, 1958).Twenty-four-hour rhythms in mitotic activity have been demonstrated in the liver (Jaffe, 1954;Halberg, 1957), skin (Blumenfeld, 1939; Bullough, 1948), cornea (Vasama & Vasama, 1958), oesophageal and duodenal epithelium (Bullough, 1948), kidney (Blumenfeld, 1938), adrenal (Halberg & Howard, 1958;Halberg, Peterson & Silber, 1959) and other tissues (Halberg, .Our long-term interest is in the study of 24-hr rhythm in mammary tumours, but since we have not found any record of the existence of a rhythm in the behaviour of normal mammary epithelium we have instituted experiments to search for evidence of cyclical variation in the mitotic activity in this tissue. These experiments are reported in the present paper.

METHODS

Ninety-six virgin female mice of the C 3H/mza strain (bred in 1958 from C 3H/He J) were selected for study at the age of 180 days, when the average body weight was about 23 g. The mice were isolated in a special room in which the temperature was maintained at 26 + 20 C and they were allowed free access to water and food (pellets comprising (%) wheat 47, oats 40, milk powder 3, yeast 1, salts, 1, flesh powder 8 and vitamins).

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mentioning

confidence: 99%