Photodynamic therapy for cholangiocarcinoma using low dose mTHPC (Foscan®)

Biliary Tumor Ablation with Photodynamic Therapy and Radiofrequency Ablation

“…15 In another study, combined stenting and PDT performed with a low Foscan dose resulted in equal and potentially longer survival times compared with standard Photofrin PDT and lowered the risk of side effects strongly. 16 Unfortunately, those drugs are not FDA approved in the United States.…”

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“…83 Chemoradiation is used as an adjunct to surgery. [86][87][88][89] Photofrin (porfimer sodium) has been used by the majority of investigators. However, meso-tetra-hydroxyphenyl chlorine (Foscan) has also been employed.…”

Spectroscopic characterization of free-base hydroxy(arylethynyl)porphyrins in acidic and basic media

“…Given the interesting photophysical properties of hydroxyphenyl porphyrins, we have extended our study of free-base arylethynyl porphyrins to those containing hydroxyphenyl substituents. Free-base meso-(tetra-phydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (H 2 THPP) and its derivatives have been extensively studied for their utility in photodynamic therapy [33,34] and owing to their interesting photophysical properties under acidic and basic conditions. Protonation of the porphyrin core has been shown to induce aggregation under various conditions of acid concentration, counter-ion identity, and surfactant presence, leading to pH dependent spectral changes [35].…”