Major West Indies MRSA Clones in Human Beings: Do They Travel With Their Hosts?

Chroboczek, Tomasz; Boisset, Sandrine; Rasigade, Jean‐Philippe; Meugnier, H.; Akpaka, Patrick Eberechi; Nicholson, Alison; Nicolas, Muriel; Olive, Claude; Bes, Michèle; Vandenesch, François; Laurent, François; Etienne, Jérôme; Tristan, Anne

doi:10.1111/jtm.12047

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The distribution of the major AMR organisms such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones in the French (Guadeloupe and Martinique) and non-French territories (Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago) were shown to be different. The clones most closely resembled those found in the home countries of the travelers who visit the islands [28]. This implies the potential that the distribution of AMR is affected by tourist migration and further reveals the importance of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Barbados: Driving change in practice at the national level

et al. 2017

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IntroductionCarbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is of growing concern globally. The risk for transmission of antimicrobial resistant organisms across several continents to the Caribbean is a real one given its tourism industry. After a cluster of cases of CRKP were detected, several studies detailed in this report were initiated to better characterize the problem.MethodsA hospital-wide point prevalence study and active surveillance were performed at Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH) in Barbados in 2013 to assess the prevalence of CRKP infection/colonization. Following this, a 1-year longitudinal study measured the prevalence of CRKP isolates in the hospital and across all healthcare facilities in the country.ResultsIn 2013, eleven viable isolates of CRKP from cluster of cases were sent for molecular epidemiology studies. When sequenced, they were found to be the ST-258 clone. Identification of a cluster of cases of CRKP ST-258/512 clones indicated person-to-person transmission. In September 2013, the hospital-wide point prevalence study revealed 18% of patients (53/299) at the hospital were either colonized or infected with CRKP. The infection to colonization ratio was 1:7. Patients who were infected/colonized vs. non-colonized were older (64.7 vs. 48.7 years, p<0.0001), were hospitalized longer (42.5 days vs. 27 days, p = 0.0042), were more likely to have an invasive device (66% vs. 32%, p<0.0001), especially urinary catheters (55% vs. 24%, p<0.0001), and were more likely to have used antimicrobials within the prior 14 days (91% vs. 46%, p<0.0001). Specific antimicrobials, including fluoroquinolones and piperacillin-tazobactam, were significantly associated with infection/colonization. In 2014, the 12-month period prevalence of CRKP in Barbados was 49.6 per 100,000 population and of blood stream infections was 3.2 per 100,000 population.ConclusionsThis point prevalence study identified patients at-risk of acquisition of CRKP and allowed QEH to implement interventions aimed at decreasing the prevalence of CRKP. Organization of a National and regional Infection Prevention and Control Committee in 2014 aimed to strengthen antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs across the English-speaking Caribbean were established.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Barbados: Driving change in practice at the national level

et al. 2017

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“…In our study, we found a significant association between MSSA infection and immigrant status (Table 3). The impact of travel and migration on MSSA and MRSA geographic variation will undoubtedly become more evident as surveillance networks capture these differences, such as the studies performed in the Caribbean by the Etienne-Tristan group from Lyon, France [34,35] and the Uhlemann-Lowy team from New York, US [34,35]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in prevalence of community-associated MRSA and MSSA among U.S. and non-U.S. born populations in six New York Community Health Centers

Jenks

Gándara

D’Orazio

et al. 2016

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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Background Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (SSTIs) in the community in the United States of America. Community Health Centers (CHC) serve as primary care providers for thousands of immigrants in New York. Methods As part of a research collaborative, 6 New York City-area CHCs recruited patients with SSTIs. Characterization was performed in all S. aureus isolates from wounds and nasal swabs collected from patients. Statistical analysis examined the differences in wound and nasal cultures among immigrant compared to native-born patients. Results Wound and nasal specimens were recovered from 129 patients and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. 40 patients were immigrants from 15 different countries. Although not statistically significant, immigrants had lower rates of MRSA infections (n=15) than did native-born participants, and immigrants showed significantly higher rates of MSSA wound cultures (n=11) (OR=3.5, 95% CI: 1.3, 9.7). Conclusions In our study, immigrants were more likely to present with SSTIs caused by MSSA than US-born patients. This suggests that antibiotic resistance may vary regionally and that immigrants presenting with SSTIs may benefit from a broader range of antibiotics. Immigrants also reported lower frequencies of antibiotic prescription or consumption in the months prior to SSTI infection.

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“…The global rising problem of antibiotic resistance has also been linked to international travel. The worldwide spread of certain antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been linked to tourism, which shows the potential impact on international health ( 50 , 51 ). Faecal colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae has also been linked to international travellers in several studies ( 52 – 54 ).…”

Section: Modern Cities a Catalyst For Rapid Spread Of Infectious Disementioning

confidence: 99%

How urbanization affects the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases

Neiderud

2015

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

461

378

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The world is becoming more urban every day, and the process has been ongoing since the industrial revolution in the 18th century. The United Nations now estimates that 3.9 billion people live in urban centres. The rapid influx of residents is however not universal and the developed countries are already urban, but the big rise in urban population in the next 30 years is expected to be in Asia and Africa. Urbanization leads to many challenges for global health and the epidemiology of infectious diseases. New megacities can be incubators for new epidemics, and zoonotic diseases can spread in a more rapid manner and become worldwide threats. Adequate city planning and surveillance can be powerful tools to improve the global health and decrease the burden of communicable diseases.

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Major West Indies MRSA Clones in Human Beings: Do They Travel With Their Hosts?

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Barbados: Driving change in practice at the national level

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Barbados: Driving change in practice at the national level

Differences in prevalence of community-associated MRSA and MSSA among U.S. and non-U.S. born populations in six New York Community Health Centers

How urbanization affects the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases

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