Chemokine-Like Factor 1 (CLFK1) Is Over-Expressed in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract

Background: Human chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1), a recently discovered chemokine, has a broad spectrum of biological functions in immune-mediated diseases. It is highly expressed on Th2 lymphocytes and is a functional ligand for human CCR4. CKLF1 has a major role in the recruitment and activation of leucocytes, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The present study was designed to determine the expression of CKLF1 in skin and serum in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods: The CKLF1 protein expression in skin lesion was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. The mRNA expression of CKLF1 in skin lesion was detected by Real-time PCR. The serum levels of CKLF1, IgE, eotaxin, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were measured by ELISA.Results: Histopathological changes in the skin of AD patients showed local inflammation with epidermal thickening and significant inflammatory cellular infiltration. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that CKLF1-staining positive cells were located in the epidermal and dermis, and that the CKLF1 expression in AD patients was significantly higher than that in normal control. The CKLF1 mRNA expression in AD patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. Serum CKLF1 and IgE levels were significantly increased in AD patients, as were the serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin.Conclusions: Both CKLF1 protien and mRNA levels are overexpressed in the skin lesion of AD patients, along with an increase in serum CKLF1 level, indicating that CKLF1 may play an important role in the development of atopic dermatitis.

CKLF1 Enhances Inflammation-Mediated Carcinogenesis and Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis via IL6/STAT3 Signaling in HCC

“…Previous studies have verified that CKLFs have multiple activities, such as attract human neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes and stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of murine skeletal myoblast cells. CKLF1 has shown broad chemotactic activities on leukocytes and plays essential roles in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). However, the relationship between CKLF1 and cancer is uncertain, particularly HCC.…”

Cutaneous exposure to clinically-relevant pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) proteins promote TH2-dependent sensitization and IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in Balb/c mice

“…Pathological changes have been observed in the skin of EC-sensitized mice that include local inflammation, epidermal thickening, hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration and slight hyper-keratosis (Karki et al 2012;Yang et al 2013). Histopathological results from the present work showed EC sensitization of mice could induce the above-mentioned skin lesions and pathological changes in the intestines as found in food allergy.…”

Study of the functional mechanisms of osteopontin and chemokine-like factor 1 in the development and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms in rats

“…Victoria blue staining revealed the disappearance of elastic fibers, degeneration of vascular muscle cells and a significant increase in collagen fibers, in agreement with human AAA pathological conditions. Previous findings have shown that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AAA and the regulation of monocyte-macrophage cells, lymphocyte activation and migration by chemokine is one of the key steps to develop AAA (11,12). Additionally, the expression of chemokines was significantly increased in AAA patients and macrophages as well as lymphocytes in blood infiltrating the arterial wall when induced by chemokines, causing the release of excess MMP and further degradation of structural proteins (elastin, collagen) in the aorta wall and damage of elastic fibers and collagen fibers (13).…”