Life-cycle analysis of bio-based aviation fuels

Bio-jet fuel conversion technologies

“…Based on the process capacity of 300 metric ton/day of fructose and an operating period of 20 years, the resulting minimum selling prices for HMF and DMF were estimated to be $5.03/gal ($6.2/gal or $4.8/GGE on 2011 US dollars) and $7.63/gal ($9.4/gal or $9.9/GGE on 2011 US dollars), respectively. The cost of the [3,12,14,21,33,43,[55][56][57]92,127,128,199,[241][242][243]). Note: A For ATJ pathway, the higher and lower end uncertainties represents GHG emissions of n-butanol and ethanol, respectively.…”

A review of the combustion and emissions properties of advanced transportation biofuels and their impact on existing and future engines

“…A standard has been created (ASTM 7566) that allows blends of up to 50% of synthetic hydrocarbon alternative jet fuels to be used when mixed with conventional commercial jet fuel, but, currently, only for select processes from specific feedstocks [55]. These synthetic hydrocarbon fuels can be obtained either through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis [36,38,39,53], or by hydrotreatment of triglycerides from vegetable oils, or animal fats, to remove all oxygen content from the fuel [36,53,56,57].…”

“…It is important to clarify that this is only one of the many factors that will be important in the decision to choose a specific biofuel, and its associated conversion process and feedstock(s). The technical, economic and environmental issues surrounding the production of these advanced biofuels, including the availability, cost and sustainability of the feedstock [11,46,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72], the efficiency and cost of the associated biological or thermochemical biomass-to-biofuel conversion technology [8,[12][13][14][15]20,[22][23][24][25][27][28][29][73][74][75], and the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions [11,50,56,57,62,65,66,70,71,[76][77][78], are complex topics that have been extensively discussed and reviewed elsewhere. In addition to biofuels, bioenergy can be harnessed by burning biomass in power st...…”

Evaluation of Non-volatile Particulate Matter Emission Characteristics of an Aircraft Auxiliary Power Unit with Varying Alternative Jet Fuel Blend Ratios

“…The potential to reduce both the impact of airport operations on local air quality [8] and aviation related GHG emissions on a life cycle basis [9,10] has provided additional impetus for the development of alternative jet fuels. Studies investigating the emissions of aircraft engines burning either neat FT fuels or 50:50 blends of FT and HEFA fuels with conventional jet fuel have shown that non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) and sulfur oxides are dramatically reduced [8,[11][12][13][14][15].…”