Upper Respiratory Infections

Grief, Samuel N.

doi:10.1016/j.pop.2013.06.004

Cited by 88 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Depending on the area of the affected respiratory tract, acute respiratory infections can be classified into acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) and upper respiratory infections (URIs) [137]. URIs are illnesses involving the upper respiratory with common symptoms, such as cough, sinusitis, and otitis media [138], and they are often mild in nature and caused by biological pollutants (viruses, bacteria, fungi, fungal spores, and mites). Meanwhile, ALRI, an acute infection of the lung, is caused by viruses or bacteria, resulting in lung inflammation [137].…”

Section: Acute Respiratory Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Pollution, Related Human Diseases, and Recent Trends in the Control and Improvement of Indoor Air Quality

Tran

Park

Lee

2020

IJERPH

420

164

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Indoor air pollution (IAP) is a serious threat to human health, causing millions of deaths each year. A plethora of pollutants can result in IAP; therefore, it is very important to identify their main sources and concentrations and to devise strategies for the control and enhancement of indoor air quality (IAQ). Herein, we provide a critical review and evaluation of the major sources of major pollutant emissions, their health effects, and issues related to IAP-based illnesses, including sick building syndrome (SBS) and building-related illness (BRI). In addition, the strategies and approaches for control and reduction of pollutant concentrations are pointed out, and the recent trends in efforts to resolve and improve IAQ, with their respective advantages and potentials, are summarized. It is predicted that the development of novel materials for sensors, IAQ-monitoring systems, and smart homes is a promising strategy for control and enhancement of IAQ in the future.

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Section: Acute Respiratory Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Pollution, Related Human Diseases, and Recent Trends in the Control and Improvement of Indoor Air Quality

Tran

Park

Lee

2020

IJERPH

420

164

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“…Upper respiratory tract infections are more common in the autumn/winter in Europe and North America, and during the rainy season in tropical countries. 2 Children are prone to developing RTIs because their immune system has yet to fully mature. [3][4][5] Increased exposure to viral infections during day care attendance, as well as other social and environmental factors, can increase the risk of RTI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity‐targeted approaches to the management of chronic and recurrent upper respiratory tract disorders in children

Feleszko

Marengo

Vieira

et al. 2019

Clinical Otolaryngology

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BackgroundUpper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), including rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, tonsillitis and otitis media (OM), comprise of 88% of total respiratory infections, especially in children. Therefore effective prevention and treatment of RTIs remain a high priority worldwide. Preclinical and clinical data highlight the rationale for the use and effectiveness of immunity‐targeted approaches, including targeted immunisations and non‐specific immunomodulation in the prevention and management of recurrent upper RTIs.Objective of reviewThe idea of this review was to summarise the current evidence and address key questions concerning the use of conservative and immunity‐targeted approaches to recurrent and chronic URTIs, with a focus on the paediatric population.Search strategy/Evaluation methodLiterature searches were conducted in March 2017 and updated in September 2017 using: Academic Search Complete; CENTRAL; Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition; MEDLINE; clinicaltrials.gov; and Cochrane databases. In total, 84 articles were retrieved and reviewed. Two independent researchers focused on primary and secondary endpoints in systematic reviews, meta‐analyses and randomised, controlled trials, using immunity‐directed strategies as the control group or within a subpopulation of larger studies. Existing guidelines and interventional/observational studies on novel applications were also included.ResultsChildren are particularly susceptible to RTIs due to the relative immaturity of their immune systems, as well as other potential predisposing factors such as day care attendance and/or toxic environmental factors (eg increased pathogenic microbial exposure and air pollutants). Recurrent URTIs can affect otherwise healthy children, leading to clinical sequelae and complications, including the development of chronic conditions or the need for surgery. Available pre‐clinical and clinical data highlight the rationale for the use and effectiveness of immunity‐targeted approaches, including targeted immunisations (flu and pneumococcal vaccines) and non‐specific immunomodulation (bacterial lysates), in the prevention and management of recurrent croup, tonsillitis, otitis media, recurrent acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis.ConclusionsIn this review, we summarise the current evidence and provide data demonstrating that some immunity‐targeted strategies, including vaccination and immunomodulation, have proved effective in the treatment and prevention of recurrent and chronic URTIs in children.

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“…Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) of the upper airways (URTIs) comprise approximately 90% of all infections and include rhinitis (nasopharyngitis and rhinosinusitis), tonsillitis (amygdalitis), laryngitis and otitis media [1][2][3]. These infections are very common in paediatric populations and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries, and are often recurrent (rRTIs).…”

Section: Introduction To Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric Recurrent Ear, Nose and Throat Infections and Complications: Can We Do More?

2020

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Recurrent respiratory tract infections (rRTIs), of which there are three main groups-otitis media, tonsillitis and sinusopathies-are very common in paediatric populations and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to complications. These infections substantially reduce quality of life for paediatric patients and their families and are a significant personal, medical and economic burden on the patients, the patients' families and the healthcare system. Most rRTIs are of viral origin; however, indiscriminate use of antibiotics in their treatment has led to development of bacterial resistance. Effective management of rRTIs to reduce the burden of disease and to avoid overuse of antibiotics has become a great therapeutic challenge. New strategies for the management of paediatric rRTIs include focus on prevention using non-specific immunomodulators to boost the body's natural defences against infection and to downregulate Enhanced digital features To view enhanced digital features for this article go to

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Upper Respiratory Infections

Cited by 88 publications

References 13 publications

Indoor Air Pollution, Related Human Diseases, and Recent Trends in the Control and Improvement of Indoor Air Quality

Indoor Air Pollution, Related Human Diseases, and Recent Trends in the Control and Improvement of Indoor Air Quality

Immunity‐targeted approaches to the management of chronic and recurrent upper respiratory tract disorders in children

Paediatric Recurrent Ear, Nose and Throat Infections and Complications: Can We Do More?

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