239(240),238Pu, 90Sr, 103Ru and 137Cs concentrations in surface air in Austria due to dispersion of Chernobyl releases over Europe

Plutonium isotopes in surface air of Prague in 1986–2006

“…Positive values for 239,240 Pu of 49-140 mBq m À3 were recorded in air in another area of the country (at Dukovany situated about 200 km south-east from Prague) from 30 April to 4 May 1986 (Hö lgye and Filgas, 1987). For comparison, concentration ranges of 239,240 Pu (mBq m À3 ) in surface air of the neighbouring states at sites close to the Czechoslovak border in the time period 29 April-6 May 1986 were 5.4-89 (Vienna, for the most of monitoring periods), 6.0-52.3 (Linz), 1.2-21.8 (Salzburg, for the most of monitoring periods) (Irlweck et al, 1993), <12 (MunichNeuherberg) (Rosner et al, 1988). According to Cambray et al (1985), (Arnold and Wershofen, 2000;Wershofen and Arnold, 2005).…”

Activity ratios of 137Cs, 90Sr and 239+240Pu in environmental samples

“…The 90 Sr and 239þ240 Pu: 137 Cs ratios determined in the Chernobyl cloud at that location are given in Table 1 (Irlweck and Khademi, 1993). The very low Pu:Cs ratio in Chernobyl fallout seems to be typical for locations far from the source.…”

“…After samples had been collected, still in wet (Irlweck and Khademi, 1993). c Bunzl and Kracke (1988).…”

Measurements and modelling of airborne plutonium in Subarctic Finland between 1965 and 2011

“…The activity ratio 239+240 Pu/ 137 Cs varied between 0.0005±0.0001 and 0.0393±0.0038 in the surface air of Rovaniemi in 1965-2011, excluding the samples from April-December and 2011, when the concentration of 239+240 Pu fell below the detection limit ( Table 2) in Helsinki (Southern Finland) in 1962-1977(Jaakkola et al (1979. Bossew et al (2007) have calculated the reference values for the 239+240 Pu/ 137 Cs activity ratio in global fallout and the Chernobyl accident, obtaining 0.0180±0.0024 (data from Bunzl and Kracke, 1988) and 6.6 x 10 -6 (data from Irlweck and Khademi, 1993), respectively. The values of Rovaniemi are higher than the value for Chernobyl contamination and some values of Rovaniemi are even higher than the value for global fallout.…”