Effects of sprint interval training on VO_2max and aerobic exercise performance: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Recently, several studies have examined whether low-volume sprint interval training (SIT) may improve aerobic and metabolic function. The objective of this study was to systematically review the existing literature regarding the aerobic and metabolic effects of SIT in healthy sedentary or recreationally active adults. A systematic literature search was performed (Bibliotek.dk, SPORTDiscus, Embase, PEDro, SveMed+, and Pubmed). Meta-analytical procedures were applied evaluating effects on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Nineteen unique studies [four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), nine matched-controlled trials and six noncontrolled studies] were identified, evaluating SIT interventions lasting 2-8 weeks. Strong evidence support improvements of aerobic exercise performance and VO2max following SIT. A meta-analysis across 13 studies evaluating effects of SIT on VO2max showed a weighted mean effects size of g = 0.63 95% CI (0.39; 0.87) and VO2max increases of 4.2-13.4%. Solid evidence support peripheral adaptations known to increase the oxidative potential of the muscle following SIT, whereas evidence regarding central adaptations was limited and equivocal. Some evidence indicated changes in substrate oxidation at rest and during exercise as well as improved glycemic control and insulin sensitivity following SIT. In conclusion, strong evidence support improvement of aerobic exercise performance and VO2max following SIT, which coincides with peripheral muscular adaptations. Future RCTs on long-term SIT and underlying mechanisms are warranted.

Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIT) and Continuous Endurance Training for VO2max Improvements: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials

“…In this instance, we direct readers to the articulate and comprehensive reviews of Jones and Carter [57], Gibala et al [58] and Sloth et al [20] for a detailed discussion of the underlying physiological adaptations to endurance training and HIT.…”

“…Gist et al [19] reported a moderate effect (0.69) of sprint interval training (SIT) -classified as form of HIT at the highest end of the intensity spectrum [20] -on VO2max in comparison with no exercise control groups; yet a trivial effect (0.04) when compared with endurance training controls. However, this meta-analysis [19], as well as the recent meta-analyses performed by Weston et al [21] and Sloth et al [20], only addressed the effect of SIT on VO2max. In doing so, these reviews excluded HIT research utilizing longer interval durations and shorter recovery periods.…”

High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in the Prevention/Management of Cardiovascular Disease

“…HIIT has long been used in the athletic setting as a means of enhancing physical performance, [41][42][43][44][45][46] but only more recently in the clinical context for the prevention and management of chronic disease. Thus, the utility of HIIT, relative to MICT, in ameliorating the specific symptoms and adverse effects of those at risk of or afflicted with CVD is not well understood.…”

Roller-Ski Aerobic High-Intensity Interval Training Improves the VO2max and Anaerobic Power in Cross-Country Skiers

“…Recently, high intensity interval training (HIIT) has become popular due to provide rapid aerobic improvements in endurance athletes [16,17]. Also it is well known that these types of aerobic trainings improve performance in well-trained endurance athletes [15,16]. Traditionally, endurance athletes have trained according to approach of high volumes at low intensity and moderate volume at high intensity.…”

“…Sandbakk et al (2013) [15], demonstrated that the effectiveness of aerobic high-intensity training on endurance performance and oxygen uptake in national level junior cross-country skiers. Recently, high intensity interval training (HIIT) has become popular due to provide rapid aerobic improvements in endurance athletes [16,17]. Also it is well known that these types of aerobic trainings improve performance in well-trained endurance athletes [15,16].…”