Appraisals and Responses to Experimental Symptom Analogues in Clinical and Nonclinical Individuals With Psychotic Experiences

Ward, Thomas; Gaynor, Keith; Hunter, Mike D.; Woodruff, Peter; Garety, Philippa; Peters, Emmanuelle

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt094

Cited by 32 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Alterations in appraisals have been found in people with schizophrenia (Garety et al, 2013;Peters et al, 2012) and in clinical and non-clinical individuals with psychotic experiences (Ward et al, 2014). It has been suggested that intervention approaches might focus on enhancing protective factors and resilience in coping with the consequences of social adversities(Gayer-Anderson and Morgan, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social defeat predicts paranoid appraisals in people at high risk for psychosis

Valmaggia

Day

Garety

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social defeat predicts paranoid appraisals in people at high risk for psychosis

Valmaggia

Day

Garety

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

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“…The idea is that these adaptive responses manifest themselves as positive symptoms as a result of cognitive schema and appraisal-processes which are imposed on abnormal sensory processes through top-down mechanisms [88,91,92].…”

Section: Neural Oscillations Coordination Dynamics and The Search Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillations and Neuronal Dynamics in Schizophrenia: The Search for Basic Symptoms and Translational Opportunities

Uhlhaas

Singer

2015

Biological Psychiatry

218

174

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“…Maladaptive appraisals endorsed by patients typically represent perceptions of externalised, personalised threat [6][7][8]. Attentional and interpretative cognitive biases are considered to underlie these threat-based appraisals [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychobiology of threat appraisal in the context of psychotic experiences: A selective review

2015

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A key factor in the transition to psychosis is the appraisal of anomalous experiences as threatening.Cognitive models of psychosis have identified attentional and interpretative biases underlying threatbased appraisals. While much research has been conducted into these biases within the clinical and cognitive literature, little examination has occurred at the neural level. However, neurobiological research in social cognition employing threatening stimuli mirror cognitive accounts of maladaptive appraisal in psychosis. This review attempted to integrate neuroimaging data regarding social cognition in psychosis with the concepts of attentional and interpretative threat biases. Systematic review methodology was used to identify relevant articles from Medline, PsycINFO and EMBASE, and PubMed databases. The selective review showed that attentional and interpretative threat biases relate to abnormal activation of a range of subcortical and prefrontal structures, including the amygdala, insula, hippocampus, anterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortex, as well as disrupted connectivity between these regions, when processing threatening and neutral or ambiguous stimuli.Notably, neural findings regarding the misattribution of threat to neutral or ambiguous stimuli presented a more consistent picture. Overall, however, the findings for any specific emotion were mixed, both in terms of the specific brain areas involved and the direction of effects (increased/decreased activity), possibly owing to confounds including small sample sizes, varying experimental paradigms, medication, and heterogeneous, in some cases poorly characterised, patient groups. Further neuroimaging research examining these biases by employing experimentally-induced anomalous perceptual experiences and well-characterised large samples is needed for greater aetiological specificity.

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Appraisals and Responses to Experimental Symptom Analogues in Clinical and Nonclinical Individuals With Psychotic Experiences

Abstract: The findings are consistent with cognitive models of psychosis, with maladaptive appraisals and response styles characterizing the C group only. Clinical applications of both tasks are suggested to facilitate the identification and modification of maladaptive appraisals.

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Social defeat predicts paranoid appraisals in people at high risk for psychosis

Social defeat predicts paranoid appraisals in people at high risk for psychosis

Oscillations and Neuronal Dynamics in Schizophrenia: The Search for Basic Symptoms and Translational Opportunities

Psychobiology of threat appraisal in the context of psychotic experiences: A selective review

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