Skin Capillary Density in Infants Born to Normotensive Mothers: A Comparison Between Singleton and Twin Infants

Raghuraman, R; D’Souza, Rohan; Nathan, Preetha; Wang, Duolao; Manyonda, Isaac; Antonios, Tarek F.

doi:10.1111/micc.12076

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…CapiScope Handheld Video Capillaroscopy System (HVCS, KK technology, Devon, England) was used to measure skin capillary density at the plantar surface of the infant big toe according to a previously well-validated protocol [8,12,13]. The size of the microscopic field was 0.81 mm 2 , with an image size of 1280 × 1024 pixels and a field view of 1037 × 829 pixels.…”

Section: Handheld Video Capillaroscopy System (Hvcs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen therapy in premature low birth weight infants is associated with capillary loss and increases in blood pressure: a pilot study

et al. 2019

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Low birth weight (LBW) and premature birth are known risk factors for future cardiovascular disease and in particular essential hypertension (EH). Capillary rarefaction (CR) is an established hallmark of EH and is known to occur in individuals with a history of LBW. We previously reported that LBW infants do not have CR at birth but rather increased capillary density (CD). We hypothesized that LBW infants undergo a process of accelerated CR in early life, triggered in part by oxygen therapy. We studied 26 LBW infants, of whom 10 infants received oxygen therapy, and compared them to 14 normal birth weight (NBW) infants. We measured CD at 1, 5 and 10 days after birth and again after 40 weeks adjusted gestational age equivalent to birth at full term. We confirmed that LBW infants had higher CD at birth compared to NBW infants and found that significant structural CR occurred at term age in LBW infants who had received oxygen therapy (mean difference −22 capillaries/field, p = 0.007) and in those who did not receive oxygen therapy (mean difference −29 capillaries/field, p < 0.001) compared to baseline at birth. Both LBW groups showed a significant rise in BP at 40 weeks adjusted term age and the rise in systolic (mean difference 24 mm Hg, p < 0.0001) and diastolic BP (mean difference 14 mm Hg, p < 0.001) was more pronounced in the oxygen treated group compared to the nonoxygen group (mean difference 14 mm Hg, p = 0.043 and mean difference = 9 mm Hg p = 0.056 respectively). In conclusion, oxygen therapy in premature LBW infants may induce significant increases in their BP in early life.

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Section: Handheld Video Capillaroscopy System (Hvcs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen therapy in premature low birth weight infants is associated with capillary loss and increases in blood pressure: a pilot study

et al. 2019

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Developmental Conditioning of the Vasculature

Clough

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

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There is increasing evidence from epidemiological and experimental animal studies that the early life environment, of which nutrition is a key component, acts through developmental adaptive responses to set the capacity of cardiovascular and metabolic pathways to respond to physiological and pathophysiological challenges in later life. One finding that is consistent to both population studies and animal models is the propensity for such effects to induce endothelial dysfunction throughout the vascular tree, including the microvasculature. Obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension are associated with changes in microvascular function affecting multiple tissues and organs. These changes may be detected early, often before the onset of macrovascular disease and the development of end organ damage. Suboptimal maternal nutrition and fetal growth result in reduced microvascular perfusion and functional dilator capacity in the offspring, which together with microvascular rarefaction and remodeling serve to limit capillary recruitment, reduce exchange capacity and increase diffusion distances of metabolic substrates; they also increase local and overall peripheral resistance. This article explores how a developmentally conditioned disadvantageous microvascular phenotype may represent an important and additional risk factor for increased susceptibility to the development of cardio-metabolic disease in adult life and considers the cell signaling pathways associated with microvascular dysfunction that may be "primed" by the maternal environment. As the microvasculature has been shown to be a potential target for early therapeutic and lifestyle intervention, this article also considers evidence for the efficacy of such strategies in humans and in animal models of the developmental origins of health and disease.

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The vulnerable microcirculation in the critically ill pediatric patient

2016

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In neonates, cardiovascular system development does not stop after the transition from intra-uterine to extra-uterine life and is not limited to the macrocirculation. The microcirculation (MC), which is essential for oxygen, nutrient, and drug delivery to tissues and cells, also develops. Developmental changes in the microcirculatory structure continue to occur during the initial weeks of life in healthy neonates. The physiologic hallmarks of neonates and developing children make them particularly vulnerable during critical illness; however, the cardiovascular monitoring possibilities are limited compared with critically ill adult patients. Therefore, the development of non-invasive methods for monitoring the MC is necessary in pediatric critical care for early identification of impending deterioration and to enable the initiation and titration of therapy to ensure cell survival. To date, the MC may be non-invasively monitored at the bedside using hand-held videomicroscopy, which provides useful information regarding the microcirculation. There is an increasing number of studies on the MC in neonates and pediatric patients; however, additional steps are necessary to transition MC monitoring from bench to bedside. The recently introduced concept of hemodynamic coherence describes the relationship between changes in the MC and macrocirculation. The loss of hemodynamic coherence may result in a depressed MC despite an improvement in the macrocirculation, which represents a condition associated with adverse outcomes. In the pediatric intensive care unit, the concept of hemodynamic coherence may function as a framework to develop microcirculatory measurements towards implementation in daily clinical practice.

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Skin Capillary Density in Infants Born to Normotensive Mothers: A Comparison Between Singleton and Twin Infants

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Oxygen therapy in premature low birth weight infants is associated with capillary loss and increases in blood pressure: a pilot study

Oxygen therapy in premature low birth weight infants is associated with capillary loss and increases in blood pressure: a pilot study

Developmental Conditioning of the Vasculature

The vulnerable microcirculation in the critically ill pediatric patient

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