Comparison of cognitive performance in HIV or HCV mono-infected and HIV–HCV co-infected patients

Ciccarelli, Nicoletta; Fabbiani, Massimiliano; Grima, Pierfrancesco; Falasca, Katia; Tana, Mariangela; Baldonero, Eleonora; Colafigli, Manuela; Silveri, M. C.; Vecchiet, Jacopo; Cauda, Roberto; Giambenedetto, Simona Di

doi:10.1007/s15010-013-0503-2

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that HIV/ HCV co-infection is more reliably associated with GDS impairment than HIV mono-infection, reinforcing the conclusions of several individual studies (Ciccarelli et al, 2013;Hinkin et al, 2008;Letendre et al, 2005;Rempel et al, 2013). The meta-analysis also shows that the co-infected group has significantly poorer information processing speed than the HIV mono-infected group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In relation to cognitive impairment in HIV, potential influencing factors may be incomplete viral suppression in the central nervous system (CNS) of HIV-infected patients, increased age, poor CNS penetration of some antiretroviral drugs, time of antiretroviral exposure, presence of drug resistance and psychiatric comorbidities (Ciccarelli et al, 2013;Nightingale et al, 2014;Rosca, Rosca, Chirileanu, & Simu, 2011;Woods et al, 2009). It is also noteworthy that persistent cognitive impairment in HIV-infected stable patients is generally attributed to inflammatory influences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, most studies reported that the HIV/HCV co-infected patients were generally more impaired than HIV and HCV monoinfected patients and controls Ciccarelli et al, 2013;Clifford, Evans, Yang, & Gulick, 2005;Devlin et al, 2012;von Giesen et al, 2004;Hinkin et al, 2008;Letendre et al, 2005;Martin et al, 2004;Parsons et al, 2006;Rempel et al, 2013;Ryan, Morgello, Isaacs, Naseer, & Gerits, 2004;Sun et al, 2013;Vivithanaporn et al, 2012). Other studies found no differences on cognitive performance between HIV/ HCV and HIV mono-infected groups (Aronow, Weston, Pezeshki, & Lazarus, 2008;Thiyagarajan et al, 2010), between HIV/HCV and HCV mono-infected groups (Clifford et al, 2009;Perry et al, 2005), and between HIV/HCV and both HIV and HCV mono-infected groups (Thein et al, 2007).…”

Section: Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Cognitive impairment in HIV and HCV co-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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Cognitive impairment has been well documented in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono-infections. However, in the context of HIV/HCV co-infection the research is more limited. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the characteristics of cognitive impairment in HIV/HCV co-infection and to examine the differences in cognitive performance between HIV/HCV and HIV and HCV mono-infected patients. Of the 437 records initially screened, 24 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Four studies were included in the meta-analysis. Most studies indicated that HIV/HCV co-infected patients had a higher level of cognitive impairment than HIV mono-infected patients. Meta-analysis also indicated that HIV mono-infected patients had a significantly lower global deficit score than co-infected patients. The results also indicated that co-infected patients were more likely to be impaired in information processing speed than HIV mono-infected patients. These findings can be challenged by biasing factors such as the small number of included studies, heterogeneity of the samples and a large diversity of methodological procedures. Future research with consistent and comprehensive neuropsychological batteries and covering a greater diversity of risk factors is needed, in order to clarify the effects of both viruses on cognitive function and the mechanisms that underlie these effects. Because cognitive impairments may pose significant challenges to medication adherence, quality of life and overall functioning, such knowledge may have important implications to the planning and implementation of effective interventions aimed at optimising the clinical management of these infections. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Cognitive impairment in HIV and HCV co-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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“…Patients with HIV and hepatitis C co-infection are almost twice as likely to have cognitive impairment as HIV-seropositive individuals without hepatitis C infection. 49,50 The use of psychoactive drugs, 14 par ticularly methamphetamine, has deleterious effects on cognition, which is more pronounced when combined with HIV infection. 51,52 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controversies in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

Nightingale

Winston

Letendre

et al. 2014

The Lancet Neurology

258

197

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Cross-sectional studies show that around half of individuals infected with HIV-1 have some degree of cognitive impairment despite the use of antiretroviral drugs. However, prevalence estimates vary depending on the population and methods used to assess cognitive impairment. Whether asymptomatic patients would benefit from routine screening for cognitive difficulties is unclear and the appropriate screening method and subsequent management is the subject of debate. In some patients, HIV-1 RNA can be found at higher concentrations in CSF than in blood, which potentially results from the poor distribution of antiretroviral drugs into the CNS. However, the clinical relevance of so-called CSF viral escape is not well understood. The extent to which antiretroviral drug distribution and toxicity in the CNS affect clinical decision making is also debated.

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“…There is a growing recognition that probiotics supplementation in HIV positive patients improves quality of life by improving the nutritional status, alleviating GI manifestations, and stimulating mucosal immune function [103].…”

Section: Probiotics As a New Therapeutic Approach That Might Improve mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome and Probiotics inHealth and HIV Infection

D’Angelo¹,

Reale²,

Costantini³

2017

Preprint

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Microbiota plays a key role in various body functions, as well as in physiological, metabolic and immunological processes, through different mechanisms, such as the regulation of the development and/or functions of different types of immune cells in the intestines. Several evidences indicate that alteration in the gut microbiota can influence infectious and non-infectious diseases. Bacteria that resides on the mucosal surface or within the mucus layer interact with the host immune system, thus a healthy gut microbiota is essential for the development of mucosal immunity. The immunomodulatory activity of probiotics has been proposed in several bowel disorders or in aging-related dysfunctions. In HIV infected patients, the intestinal immune system is affected and inflammation persists during ART therapy, too. Several studies are in progress to investigate the ability of probiotics to modulate epithelial barrier functions, microbiota composition and microbial translocation in HIV infection. This mini-review aims to suggest how the use of probiotics is beneficial not only in maintaining a healthy status but also in improving HIV subjects conditions.

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Comparison of cognitive performance in HIV or HCV mono-infected and HIV–HCV co-infected patients

Abstract: A worse cognitive performance in HIV-HCV co-infected patients was observed, suggesting an additive role of the two viruses in the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders.

Cited by 41 publications

References 28 publications

Cognitive impairment in HIV and HCV co-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cognitive impairment in HIV and HCV co-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Controversies in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

Microbiome and Probiotics inHealth and HIV Infection

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